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===Early development=== It is thought likely that the first iron swords were manufactured in Japan in the fourth century, based on technology imported from [[China]] via the [[Korean peninsula]].<ref name='Ozawa2005'> {{cite book |last= Ozawa |first= Hiroshi |title= Swords in Ancient Japan |orig-year= 2005 |series= Ideas and History of the Sword |volume= 2 |year= 2008 |publisher= Kendo Academy Press |location= Japan |language= en, ja |pages= 1 }} </ref>{{rp|1}} While swords clearly played an important cultural and religious role in ancient Japan,<ref name='Ozawa2005'/>{{rp|5, 14}} in the [[Heian period]] the globally recognised curved Japanese sword (the [[katana]]) was developed and swords became important weapons and symbolic items.<ref name='Ozawa2005'/>{{rp|15}} The oldest schools in existence today arose in the [[Muromachi period]] (1336 to 1573), known for long periods of inter-state warfare. Three major schools emerged during this period.<ref name='Ozawa97'/>{{rp|XII}} * [[Kage-ryū (Aizu)]] (Aisukage ryū) *[[Chujō-ryū|Chūjō-ryū]] * [[Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū]] These schools form the ancestors for many descendent styles, for example, from Ittō ryū has branched Ono-ha Ittō ryū and Mizoguchi-ha Ittō-ryū (among many others). On the island of Okinawa, the art of Udundi includes a unique method of both Kenjutsu and [[Iaijutsu]]. This is the only surviving sword system from Okinawa. It was the martial art of the noble Motobu family during the Ryukyu Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.motobu-ryu.org/motobu-udundi/about-motobu-udundi/|title=About Motobu Udundi|website=本部流 – Motobu-ryu -|language=ja-JP|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref>
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