Editing Kartuzy (section)

==History==
[[File:Kartuzy, Poland - panoramio - Oscar Arky (3).jpg|180px|left|thumb|Carthusian Church]]

Kartuzy was established about 1380 as a [[monastery]] for [[Carthusian]] monks descending from [[Prague]] in the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], after whom it received its name. The charterhouse was vested with large estates by the [[State of the Teutonic Order]]. According to the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Peace of Thorn]] the area returned to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in 1466, within which it was administratively part of the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in the provinces of [[Royal Prussia]] and [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland]].

The Carthusian monks had the nearby woodlands cleared out, and peasants from the neighbouring [[Duchy of Pomerania]] were encouraged to settle and farm in the newly cleared areas. During the course of the [[Protestant Reformation]] Kartuzy and its surrounding area were incorporated into the possessions of Cistercian [[Oliwa Abbey]] in 1565. The area was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[First Partition of Poland]] in 1772.

The Prussian government finally dissolved the monastery in 1826. Around that time the settlement was fairly insignificant.{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=December 2017}} It began to play a greater economic role after 1841 when the lands of the monastery were parcelled out.

From 1871 to 1920 it was also part of the [[German Empire]] and belonged to the [[Kreis Karthaus|Karthaus district]] in [[Danzig (region)|Regierungsbezirk Danzig]] in the Prussian [[West Prussia|Province of West Prussia]]. In 1894, Kartuzy, then officially ''Karthaus'', was connected to the Praust ([[Pruszcz Gdański]])-Lauenburg ([[Lębork]]) railway line of the [[Prussian state railways|Prussian State Railway]]. At the turn of the 20th century, the town had a Protestant church, a Catholic church and a synagogue. The town was appreciated as a climatic type of health resort. Many pensioners and other retired persons settled down here. According to the census of 1910, Karthuas had a population of 3,699, of which 1,937 (52.4%) were [[Germans]], 1,696 (45.9%) were [[Kashubians]] and 50 (1.4%) were [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Landesamt|first=Prussia (Kingdom) Statistisches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJdPhIkLJ7AC&pg=RA1-PA26|title=Gemeindelexikon für die regierungsbezirke Allenstein, Danzig, Marienwerder, Posen, Bromberg und Oppeln: Auf grund der ergebnisse der volkszählung vom. 1. Dezember 1910 und anderer amtlicher quellen bearbeitet vom Königlich Preussischen Statistischen Landesamte|date=1912|publisher=verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts|language=de}}</ref>

When after [[World War I]] the regulations of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] became effective in 1920, Kartuzy was reintegrated into the re-established [[Second Polish Republic|Polish Republic]] where it was the seat of the Kartuzy County within the [[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] and in 1923 it was granted [[town rights]].

After the [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], Kartuzy was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]], where it was administered as part of the newly formed province of [[Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia]], Regierungsbezirk Danzig. In mid-September 1939 the [[SS Heimwehr Danzig#The SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann"|SS Wachsturmbann "Eimann"]] and ''[[Einsatzkommando]] 16'' entered the town to carry out mass arrests and massacres of local [[Polish people|Poles]] as part of the ''[[Intelligenzaktion Pommern]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=106–107}}</ref> Around 4,000 Poles from Kartuzy and the county were arrested in September 1939.<ref name=mw>Wardzyńska, p. 107</ref> That same month, many local pre-war Polish activists, as well as railway, post and court employees, were murdered in massacres in the forests in [[Gmina Somonino]] and at the Wzgórze Wolności, while 10 Polish priests were murdered in the forest near Kartuzy (see: ''[[Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland]]'').<ref name=mw/> Dozens of Poles from Kartuzy, including local officials, teachers, merchants, postmen, restaurateurs, policemen were murdered in October and November 1939 in the nearby forest and in [[massacres in Piaśnica|Piaśnica]].<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 146-147, 154</ref> Poles from the village of [[Egiertowo]] were also murdered in the Kartuzy forest.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 155</ref> At the end of [[World War II]] Kartuzy was captured by the [[Red Army]] and afterwards it was restored to Poland.

Kartuzy has long been a cultural center of the [[Kashubians]]. Since 1947 a Kashubian Museum has featured numerous exhibits connected to [[Kashubia]] and its inhabitants. The town has also set up a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] to honor Dr. [[Aleksander Majkowski]], author of [[The Life and Adventures of Remus]], who practiced medicine in Kartuzy for a time and is buried here. In 2010, the [[Kashubian Unity Day]] was held here. On March 28, 2010, after the [[Holy Mass]] in the fourteenth-century collegiate church, Kashubes in colorful regional costumes with black-and-yellow flags passed through the streets to the Team of Schools No. 2 for Wybicki's Estate where the main celebrations were held.

The town was administratively part of the [[Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Gdańsk Voivodeship]] from 1975 to 1998.