Editing Kaliningrad Oblast (section)

=== Late Middle Ages ===
[[File:Замок Бранденбург; Руины замка 01.jpg|thumb|left|Medieval castle ruins in [[Ushakovo, Novomoskovsky Rural Okrug, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast|Ushakovo]]]]
In the 13th century, the [[Teutonic Order]] conquered the region and established the [[State of the Teutonic Order]], a [[theocracy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gudavičius |first=Edvardas |title=Vokiečių ordinas |trans-title=German Order |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/vokieciu-ordinas/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|VLE]] |language=lt |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213192741/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/vokieciu-ordinas/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1255, on the foundations of a destroyed [[Sambians|Sambian]] settlement known as {{Lang|lt|Tvanksta}}, the Teutonic Order founded the city of [[Königsberg]] (modern Kaliningrad), naming it in honour of [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Matulevičius |first1=Algirdas |last2=Purvinas |first2=Martynas |title=Karaliaučiaus istorija |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/karaliauciaus-istorija/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|VLE]] |language=lt |archive-date=1 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201190700/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/karaliauciaus-istorija/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Northern Crusades]], including the [[Lithuanian Crusade]], were partly motivated by [[colonization]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Jasas |first1=Rimantas |last2=Kairiūkštytė |first2=Nastazija |last3=Matulevičius |first3=Algirdas |title=kolonizacija |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kolonizacija/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|VLE]] |language=lt |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408185733/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kolonizacija/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The German colonist peasants, craftsmen, and merchants were predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the Teutonic State and did not move into [[Nadruvians|Nadruvia]] and [[Skalvia]] due to the Lithuanian military threat.<ref name=":4" />

In 1454, following a request by the anti-Teutonic [[Prussian Confederation]], the territory was incorporated to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] by King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=54}}</ref> an event that sparked the [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)]]. After Poland's victory in the war with the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Peace of Thorn]], the State of the Teutonic Order became a vassal of Poland,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last1=Matulevičius |first1=Algirdas |last2=Kaunas |first2=Domas |title=Mažoji Lietuva |trans-title=Lithuania Minor |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/mazoji-lietuva/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija|VLE]] |language=lt |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203190510/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/mazoji-lietuva/ |url-status=live }}</ref> also considered an integral part of "one and indivisible" Kingdom of Poland.<ref>Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215</ref> During this war, the capital of the Teutonic state was moved from Marienburg (now [[Malbork]]) to Königsberg in 1457.<ref name=":3" /> When the rulers of Prussia were vassals of the King of Poland from 1466 to 1660, there were few German colonists.<ref name=":3" />{{History of Brandenburg and Prussia}}