Editing July 22 (section)

===Pre-1600===
* [[838]] &ndash; [[Battle of Anzen]]: The Byzantine emperor [[Theophilos (emperor)|Theophilos]] suffers a heavy defeat by the [[Abbasids]].
*[[1099]] &ndash; [[First Crusade]]: [[Godfrey of Bouillon]] is elected the first Defender of the [[Holy Sepulchre]] of The [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].
*[[1209]] &ndash; [[Massacre at Béziers]]: The first major military action of the [[Albigensian Crusade]].
*[[1298]] &ndash; [[Wars of Scottish Independence]]: [[Battle of Falkirk]]: King [[Edward I of England]] and his [[longbowmen]] defeat [[William Wallace]] and his Scottish [[schiltron]]s outside the town of [[Falkirk]].
*[[1342]] &ndash; [[St. Mary Magdalene's flood]] is the worst such event on record for central Europe.<ref>{{Citation| title =Das verflixte "Genua-Tief"| publisher =[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]| date =2008-08-25| url =http://www.nzz.ch/2005/08/25/il/articleD31CG.html| access-date =2016-02-12| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111230134322/http://www.nzz.ch/2005/08/25/il/articleD31CG.html| archive-date =2011-12-30}}</ref>
*[[1443]] &ndash; [[Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl]] in the [[Old Zürich War]]. 
*[[1456]] &ndash; [[Ottoman wars in Europe]]: [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|Siege of Belgrade]]: [[John Hunyadi]], Regent of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], defeats [[Mehmet II]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*[[1484]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lochmaben Fair]]: A 500-man raiding party led by [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany]] and [[James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas]] are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother [[James III of Scotland]]; Douglas is captured.
*[[1499]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dornach]]: The [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss]] decisively defeat the army of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]].
*[[1587]] &ndash; [[Roanoke Colony]]: A second group of English settlers arrives on [[Roanoke Island]] off [[North Carolina]] to re-establish the deserted colony.
*[[1594]] &ndash; The Dutch city of [[Groningen]] defended by the Spanish and besieged by a Dutch and English army under [[Maurice of Orange]], capitulates.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hadfield & Hammond|first1=Andrew & Paul|title=Shakespeare And Renaissance Europe – Arden Critical Companions|date=2014|page=49|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9781408143681}}</ref>
*[[1598]] &ndash; [[William Shakespeare]]'s play, ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'', is entered on the ''[[Stationers' Register]]''. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the ''Stationers' Register'' licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.