Editing Juba II (section)

===Early life and education===
Juba II was a [[Berbers|Berber]] prince from [[Numidia]]. He was the only child and heir of King [[Juba I of Numidia]]; his mother's identity is unknown, though Juba II claimed to be a descendant of General [[Hannibal]] (Scol. Lucan, Pharsalia 8.287). In 46 BC, his father was defeated by [[Julius Caesar]] (in [[Battle of Thapsus|Thapsus]], North Africa), and in 40 BC Numidia became a Roman province.<ref name=Roller /> His father had been an ally of the Roman General [[Pompey]].

Several modern scholars cite his age at Caesar's triumph in 46 BC as four or six giving rises to the typically cited birth year range of 52–50 BC, which his biographer, Duane Roller, believes is incorrect. Roller instead places his birth in early 48 BC because the Greek term ''brephos'' was used for him which means infant. The word for a child of age 4 to 6 is ''pais'' which was not used for him in the ancient sources. Therefore, Roller places his age in the triumph at anywhere from 2 months to 2 years, which actually indicates a birth year range between 48 and 46 BC.<ref name=Roller59>Roller, Duane W. (2003) ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'', Routledge UK, p. 59. {{ISBN|0-415-30596-9}}.</ref>

Juba II was brought to [[Rome]] by Julius Caesar and he took part in Caesar's triumphal procession.<ref>{{cite Plutarch|Caesar|55}}</ref> In Rome he learned the [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]], became [[Romanization (cultural)|romanized]] and was granted Roman citizenship.<ref name=Roller /> Through dedication to his studies, he is said to have become one of Rome's best educated citizens, and by age 20 he wrote one of his first works entitled ''Roman Archaeology''.<ref name=Roller /> 

He was raised by Julius Caesar and later by his great-nephew Octavian (future Emperor [[Augustus]]). While growing up, Juba II accompanied Octavian on military campaigns, gaining valuable experience as a leader. He fought alongside Octavian in the [[Battle of Actium]] in 31 BC.