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== Geography == [[File:Juan de Nova Island and reef land cover map-fr.jpg|alt=A map in French of Juan de Nova Island and its reefs.|left|thumb|A map of Juan de Nova Island and its reefs.]] Juan de Nova<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2006-04-24|title=Pays indépendants et capitales du monde : Entités géopolitiques dépendantes au 01.06.2006|url=http://www.ign.fr/adminV3/display/000/526/725/5267253.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110200441/http://www.ign.fr/adminV3/display/000/526/725/5267253.pdf|archive-date=2011-11-10|access-date=|website=Commission Nationale de Toponymie|language=fr}}</ref> is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=}} from [[Tambohorano]], {{convert|207|km|mi|abbr=}} west-southwest from {{Interlanguage link|Tanjona Vilanandro|lt=Tanjona Vilanandro|fr|Cap Saint-André (Madagascar)|WD=}} and {{convert|288|km|mi|abbr=}} from the African coast. The island was created when an underwater promontory of a coral reef emerged when the reef was dismantled by ocean currents, producing a sandy island. The prevailing south-southwest winds form dunes on the island, which, at {{convert|10|meters|feet|abbr=}} tall, form the island's highest points. Its southwest coast is bordered by a coral reef that prevents ships from landing, and the northeast coast consists of a lagoon that becomes sandy and impassable at low tide. There is a single pass that allows access to the island. The difficult conditions for accessing the island has caused several [[shipwreck]]s, some of which remain on the Island, including that of the ''[[SS Tottenham (1901)|Tottenham]]'' (nicknamed the Charbonnier), which ran aground in 1911 on the island's southwest coast.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-08-22|title=SS Tottenham|url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102100|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Wreck Site}}</ref> The island is about {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=}} long from east to west, and {{convert|1.6|km|mi|abbr=}} wide, with an area of approximately {{convert|4.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The entire quasi-atoll is {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=}} in circumference, with an [[exclusive economic zone]] of {{convert|61,050|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=BEST Initiative - Indian Ocean|url=https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/best/regions/indianocean_en.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=European Commission}}</ref>
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