Editing Joseph Weizenbaum (section)

==Psychology simulation at MIT==
In 1966, he published a comparatively simple program called [[ELIZA]], named after the [[ingénue]] in [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'', which could chat to the user.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=Mark C. |last2=Berry |first2=David M. |date=2024-11-03 |title=Reading ELIZA: Critical Code Studies in Action |url=https://electronicbookreview.com/essay/reading-eliza-critical-code-studies-in-action/ |journal=Electronic Book Review |language=en-US}}</ref> ELIZA was written in the [[SLIP programming language]] of Weizenbaum's own creation. The program applied pattern matching rules to statements to figure out its replies. (Programs like this are now called [[chatbot]]s.) Driven by a script named DOCTOR, it was capable of engaging humans in a conversation which bore a striking resemblance to one with an empathic psychologist. Weizenbaum modeled its conversational style after [[Carl Rogers]], who introduced the use of open-ended questions to encourage patients to communicate more effectively with therapists. He was shocked that his program was taken seriously by many users, who would open their hearts to it.<ref name=":1" />  Famously, when he was observing his secretary using the software - who was aware that it was a simulation - she asked Weizenbaum: "would you mind leaving the room please?"<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/posts/NO-FUTURE|title = BBC: Adam Curtis, "NOW THEN"|date = 25 July 2014|access-date = 4 August 2014|website = bbc}}</ref> Many hailed the program as a forerunner of thinking machines, a misguided interpretation that Weizenbaum's later writing would attempt to correct.<ref name='Information Week'>[http://www.informationweek.com/remembering-joe-weizenbaum-eliza-creator-/d/d-id/1065648 Remembering Joe Weizenbaum, ELIZA Creator - Artificial Intelligence - InformationWeek<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>