Editing Joseph Haydn (section)

===Early life===
[[File:Altwiener_Bilderbuch_nach_alten_Stichen_0042.jpg|thumb|[[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]]. In the foreground is the Kapellhaus (demolished 1804) where Haydn lived as a chorister.]]
Joseph Haydn was born in [[Rohrau, Austria|Rohrau]], Austria, a village that at that time stood on the border with Hungary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brenet |first=Michel |title=Haydn |publisher=New York: B. Blom |year=1972}}</ref> His father was [[Mathias Haydn]], a [[wheelwright]] who also served as "Marktrichter", or marketplace supervisor. Haydn's mother Maria, née Koller, had worked as a cook in the palace of [[Aloys Thomas Raimund, Count Harrach|Count Harrach]], the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Neither parent could read music;{{efn|Haydn reported this in his 1776 [[Autobiographical sketch (Haydn)|Autobiographical sketch]].}} however, Mathias was an enthusiastic [[folk music]]ian, who during the [[journeyman]] period of his career had taught himself to play the harp. According to Haydn's later reminiscences, his family was extremely musical, and they frequently sang together and with their neighbours.<ref>{{harvnb|Dies|1810|loc=(in the English translation from {{harvnb|Gotwals|1963|pp=80–81}}).}}</ref>

Haydn's parents had noticed that their son was musically gifted and knew that in Rohrau he would have no chance to obtain serious musical training. It was for this reason that, around the time Haydn turned six, they accepted a proposal from their relative Johann Matthias Frankh, the schoolmaster and choirmaster in [[Hainburg an der Donau|Hainburg]], that Haydn be apprenticed to Frankh in his home to train as a musician. Haydn therefore went off with Frankh to Hainburg and he never again lived with his parents.

Life in the Frankh household was not easy for Haydn, who later remembered being frequently hungry{{sfn|Griesinger|1963|p=9}} and humiliated by the filthy state of his clothing.<ref>{{harvnb|Dies|1810|loc=(in the English translation from {{harvnb|Gotwals|1963|p=82}}).}}</ref> He began his musical training there, and could soon play both [[harpsichord]] and violin. He also sang [[Boy soprano|treble]] parts in the church choir.

There is reason to think that Haydn's singing impressed those who heard him, because in 1739{{efn|{{Harvnb|Finscher|2000|p=12}}. {{harvnb|Jones|2009a|p=7}} dates the visit to early summer, i.e. cherry season, since during the visit, [[Johann Georg Reutter|Reutter]] plied the child with fresh cherries as a means of inducing him to learn to sing a trill.}} he was brought to the attention of [[Johann Georg Reutter|Georg Reutter the Younger]], the director of music in [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]] in Vienna, who happened to be visiting Hainburg and was looking for new choirboys. Haydn passed his audition with Reutter, and after several months of further training moved to Vienna (1740), where he worked for the next nine years as a chorister.

Haydn lived in the Kapellhaus next to the cathedral, along with Reutter, Reutter's family, and the other four choirboys, which after 1745 included his younger brother [[Michael Haydn|Michael]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jones2009a|pp=12–13}}. A third brother, [[Johann Evangelist Haydn]], also pursued a musical career as a tenor but achieved no distinction and was for some time supported by Joseph.</ref> The choirboys were instructed in Latin and other school subjects as well as voice, violin, and keyboard.{{sfn|Finscher|2000|p=12}} Reutter was of little help to Haydn in the areas of [[music theory]] and composition, giving him only two lessons in his entire time as a chorister.{{sfn|Griesinger|1963|p=10}} However, since St. Stephen's was one of the leading musical centres in Europe, Haydn learned a great deal simply by serving as a professional musician there.{{sfn|Landon|Jones|1988|p=27}}

Like Frankh before him, Reutter did not always bother to make sure Haydn was properly fed. As he later told his biographer [[Albert Christoph Dies]], Haydn was motivated to sing well, in hopes of gaining more invitations to perform before aristocratic audiences, where the singers were usually served refreshments.<ref>{{harvnb|Dies|1810|loc=(in the English translation from {{harvnb|Gotwals|1963|p=87}}).}}</ref>

[[File:WhereHaydnLived.PNG|thumb|upright=1.2|Map showing [[List of residences of Joseph Haydn|locations where Haydn lived]] or visited]]