Editing John von Neumann (section)

=== Family background ===
Von Neumann was born in [[Budapest]], Kingdom of Hungary (then part of Austria-Hungary),<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Doran |editor-first1=Robert S. |editor-link1=Robert S. Doran |editor-link2=Richard Kadison |editor-first2=Richard V. |editor-last2=Kadison |title=Operator Algebras, Quantization, and Noncommutative Geometry: A Centennial Celebration Honoring John von Neumann and Marshall H. Stone |publisher=American Mathematical Society |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2004 |url=https://bookstore.ams.org/conm-365 |isbn=978-0-8218-3402-2 |page=1}}</ref><ref name= Time>{{cite news |last=Myhrvold |first=Nathan |author-link=Nathan Myhrvold |date=March 21, 1999 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,21839,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010211124237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,21839,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 11, 2001 |title=John von Neumann |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Blair|1957|p=104}} on December 28, 1903, to a wealthy, non-observant [[Jewish]] family. His birth name was '''Neumann János Lajos'''. In Hungarian, the family name comes first, and his given names are equivalent to John Louis in English.{{sfn|Bhattacharya|2022|p=4}}

He was the eldest of three brothers; his two younger siblings were Mihály (Michael) and Miklós (Nicholas).{{sfn|Dyson|1998|p=xxi}} His father Neumann Miksa (Max von Neumann) was a banker and held a [[doctor of law|doctorate in law]]. He had moved to Budapest from [[Pécs]] at the end of the 1880s.{{sfn|Macrae|1992|pp=38–42}} Miksa's father and grandfather were born in Ond (now part of [[Szerencs]]), [[Zemplén County]], northern Hungary. John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann);{{sfn|Macrae|1992|pp=37–38}} her parents were Kann Jákab and Meisels Katalin of the [[Meisel family|Meisels family]].{{sfn|Macrae|1992|p=39}} Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest; von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor.{{sfn|Macrae|1992|pp=44–45}}

On February 20, 1913, [[Emperor Franz Joseph]] elevated John's father to the Hungarian nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.<ref name="archives.hungaricana.hu">{{cite web
|title       = Neumann de Margitta Miksa a Magyar Jelzálog-Hitelbank igazgatója n:Kann Margit gy:János-Lajos, Mihály-József, Miklós-Ágost {{!}} Libri Regii {{!}} Hungaricana
|url         = https://archives.hungaricana.hu/en/libriregii/hu_mnl_ol_a057_72_1096/?list=eyJxdWVyeSI6ICJuZXVtYW5uIn0
|access-date = 2022-08-08
|website     = archives.hungaricana.hu
|language    = Hungarian
}}</ref> The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation ''Margittai'', meaning "of Margitta" (today [[Marghita]], Romania). The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was their chosen [[coat of arms]] depicting three [[Argyranthemum|marguerites]]. Neumann János became margittai Neumann János (John Neumann de Margitta), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.{{sfn|Macrae|1992|pp=57–58}}