Editing John Engler (section)

==Career==
[[File:Reagan Contact Sheet C50279 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Engler with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1988]]
[[File:Bush Contact Sheet P19109 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Engler with [[President of the United States|President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1991]]

===Governorship===
Engler's administration was characterized by [[privatization]] of state services, income tax reduction, a sales tax increase, educational reform, welfare reform, and major reorganization of [[executive branch]] departments.

In 1996, he was elected chairman of the [[Republican Governors Association]],<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=1996-08-04|title=Republican Governors List Accomplishments in Campaign Booklet|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/04/us/republican-governors-list-accomplishments-in-campaign-booklet.html|access-date=2020-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and in 2001, he was elected to head the National Governors Association.<ref name= "FormerGov">{{cite web |url=https://www.michigan.gov/formergovernors/0,4584,7-212-31303-2273--,00.html |title=Governor John Engler Biography |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=State of Michigan |access-date=30 June 2019 }}</ref>

In 2002, near the end of his final term, Engler and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality attempted to negotiate a consent order with [[Dow Chemical]] that would have resulted in a ninefold increase in the allowable levels of dioxins. The consent order would have resulted in Dow not having to pay to clean up high levels of toxins in [[Midland, Michigan]], near its plant there, as well as in the [[Tittabawassee River|Tittabawassee]] flood plain, which had been contaminated by dioxins dumped into the river from the facility and from overflow from waste ponds.<ref name="Pianin (2002)">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/31/michigan-and-dow-drop-dioxin-pact/897982ef-60e7-44fc-89ed-c233da9db10b/ |title=Michigan and Dow Drop Dioxin Pact |last=Pianin |first=Eric |date=December 31, 2002 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=February 1, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/index.ssf/2016/10/epa_seeks_public_comment_on_ne.html |title=Next phase of Dow dioxin cleanup coming up, EPA seeks public comment |last=Jordan |first=Heather |date=October 3, 2016 |work=MLive.com |access-date=February 1, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> The consent order fell through in late 2002.<ref name="Pianin (2002)" />

===Vice presidential speculation===
====1996====
During the [[1996 United States presidential election|1996 presidential election]], Engler was considered to be a potential vice presidential running mate for Republican nominee [[Bob Dole]].<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-03-18-9603190616-story.html|title = GOP VP Spot Sparks Rivalries in Midwest|date = March 18, 1996|last = Berke|first = Richard L.|accessdate = November 10, 2021|work = [[South Florida Sun-Sentinel]]|agency = [[The New York Times]]}}</ref> However, Dole instead selected [[Jack Kemp]], a former representative and [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|HUD secretary]].

====2000====
Engler endorsed Texas Governor [[George W. Bush]] in the 2000 Republican primary. After Bush secured the GOP nomination, Engler's name was again floated as a possible running mate.<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Christoff |title=Engler finally admits he was on the VP shortlist |url=http://www.freep.com/news/politics/gov26_20000726.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010204023400/http://www.freep.com/news/politics/gov26_20000726.htm |archive-date=February 4, 2001 |work=[[Detroit Free Press]] |date=July 26, 2000 |access-date=January 24, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In his book ''[[Decision Points]]'', Bush says that Engler was someone he was "close" with and could "work well with." Ultimately, Engler was passed over for the running mate position in favor of [[Dick Cheney]]. After the election, Engler's close political ally [[Spencer Abraham]], who narrowly lost his re-election bid for the Senate to [[Debbie Stabenow]], was chosen as Bush's Secretary of Energy.

===2002 elections===
Engler's lieutenant governor, [[Dick Posthumus]], sought to succeed Engler in the 2002 gubernatorial race. Posthumus lost the race to the state's attorney general, Democrat [[Jennifer Granholm]].

===Election results===
In 1990, Engler, then the state senate majority leader, challenged Governor [[James Blanchard]] in his bid for a third term. Political observers viewed his bid as a long shot, and he trailed Blanchard by double digits in the polls the weekend before the election. However, on election day, Engler pulled off the upset, defeating Blanchard by approximately 17,000 votes—a margin of less than one percentage point.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James J. Blanchard {{!}} People {{!}} DLA Piper Global Law Firm|url=https://www.dlapiper.com/en/us/people/b/blanchard-james-j/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=DLA Piper|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Michigan State|title=Governor Jim Blanchard's $1 million gift establishes public service award and lecture series at MSU|url=http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2015/governor-jim-blanchards-1-million-gift-establishes-public-service-award-and-lecture-series-at-m/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=MSUToday|language=en}}</ref> In 1994, Engler ran for his second term. The Democrats nominated former Representative [[Howard Wolpe]], who had close ties to the labor movement—a potent force in Democratic politics in Michigan. Engler bested Wolpe 61 to 39 percent, and the state Republican Party made significant gains. [[Spencer Abraham]] picked up the Senate seat of retiring Democrat [[Donald Riegle]]. Republicans gained a seat to break a tie in the state House of Representatives, taking a 56–54 majority, while also picking up a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Republican [[Candice Miller]] won an upset victory to win the post of Secretary of State.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}

Michigan voters re-elected Engler to his third and final term in 1998. He won a landslide victory over lawyer [[Geoffrey Fieger]]. Engler took 1,883,005 votes—62 percent of the total—to Fieger's 38 percent and 1,143,574 votes. Engler's landslide helped the state Republican Party gain six seats in the state House of Representatives, taking control of the chamber they had lost two years previously with a 58–52 margin, as well as picking up an additional seat in the State Senate, for a 23–15 majority. Republicans also gained a seat on the technically non-partisan state Supreme Court, holding a 4–3 majority over the Democrats.

===Electoral history===
{{Election box begin |title=Michigan Gubernatorial election, 1990<ref name=Gov>{{cite web |url=https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/MichiganManual/2009-2010/09-10_MM_IX_pp_08-12_Votes4Gov.pdf |title=Summary of Votes for Governor 1835-2006 |publisher=Michigan Manual |access-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = John Engler
|votes = 1,287,320
|percentage = 49.8
|change = +18.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[James Blanchard]] (incumbent)
|votes = 1,276,134
|percentage = 49.1
|change = -19.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Workers World Party
|candidate = William Roundtree
|votes = 28,091
|percentage = 1.1
|change = +0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Write-ins
|candidate = Write-ins
|votes = 1,799
|percentage = 0.1
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,595
|percentage = 0.7
|change = -36.0
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,564,563
|percentage =
|change = +0.7
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|loser = Democratic Party (United States)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |title=Michigan gubernatorial election, 1994<ref name="Gov"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = John Engler (incumbent)
|votes = 1,899,101
|percentage = 61.5
|change = +11.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Howard Wolpe]]
|votes = 1,188,438
|percentage = 38.5
|change = -10.6
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Write-ins
|candidate =
|votes = 1,538
|percentage = 0.1
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 710,663
|percentage = 23.0
|change = -+12.3
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 3,089,077
|percentage =
|change = +1.34
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |title=Michigan gubernatorial election, 1998<ref name="Gov"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = John Engler (incumbent)
|votes = 1,883,005
|percentage = 62.2
|change = +0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Geoffrey Fieger]]
|votes = 1,143,574
|percentage = 37.8
|change = -0.7
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Write-ins
|candidate = Write-In
|votes = 525
|percentage = 0.01
|change = -0.09
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 739,431
|percentage = 24.4
|change = +1.4
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 3,027,104
|percentage =
|change = -0.02
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===After governorship===
After leaving the governor's mansion in January 2003, Engler served as president of the state and local government sector of [[Electronic Data Systems]]. Engler left that position in June 2004 to be elected president and CEO of the [[National Association of Manufacturers]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20040615/SUB/406150867/engler-leaves-eds-to-be-president-of-national-association-of|title=Engler leaves EDS to be president of National Association of Manufacturers|date=2006-03-30|website=Crain's Detroit Business|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref> Engler's tenure at the NAM ended in January 2011. In January 2011, Engler was named president of the [[Business Roundtable]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/postlive/john-engler/2013/02/11/ebd92eee-7474-11e2-95e4-6148e45d7adb_story.html|title=John Engler|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Presentation of Final Report of the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Transformational Diplomacy.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] with (left to right): [[Thomas R. Pickering|Tom Pickering]], John Engler and [[John Breaux]] at the presentation of final report of the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Transformational Diplomacy in 2008]]

In 2017, Engler was appointed to a four-year term on the governing board of the [[National Assessment of Educational Progress]] project.{{r|Spangler (2017)}}

===Interim presidency of Michigan State University===
On January 30, 2018, Engler was named the interim president of [[Michigan State University]] to replace [[Lou Anna Simon]], who was embroiled with the school in the [[USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal]] involving [[Larry Nassar]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Winowiecki |first=Emma |title=Engler to Be Named MSU Interim President |date=January 30, 2018 |work=[[Michigan Radio]] |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/engler-be-named-msu-interim-president |access-date=April 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180418142634/http://michiganradio.org/post/engler-be-named-msu-interim-president |archive-date=April 18, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gerstein |first=Michael |title=Engler Faces Pushback, Vows MSU Change |work=[[The Detroit News]] |date=January 31, 2018 |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/31/msu-board-engler-interim-president/109968804/ |access-date=April 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407213523/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/31/msu-board-engler-interim-president/109968804/?from=new-cookie |archive-date=April 7, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The appointment of Engler sparked controversy due to his previous handling of sexual misconduct as governor of Michigan. Engler's tenure as interim president was plagued by controversies, brought on by Engler's apparent callous statements and actions toward survivors during Board of Trustees meetings and statements that were reported by the press. One of Nassar's victims, [[Rachael Denhollander]], said Engler "chose to stand against every child and every sexual assault victim in the entire state, to protect an institution."

Engler resigned on January 16, 2019 after the Board of Trustees indicated its intent to ask him to resign following a series of embarrassing incidents regarding Nassar's victims and his responses to issues in the aftermath.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2019/01/16/john-engler-resigns-msu-president/2594498002/|title=John Engler resigns as Michigan State University interim president|website=Detroit Free Press|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Engler initially indicated he planned to resign on January 23, 2019<ref>{{cite web |last=Silvestri |first=Tyler |title=Interim President Engler Resigns Effective January 23 |date=January 16, 2019 |work=[[On the Banks]] |url=https://onthebanksmsu.com/interim-president-engler-resigns-effective-january-23 |access-date=February 6, 2019 }}/</ref> but the Board required him to resign the morning after he submitted his resignation letter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/education/2019/01/17/msu-names-udpa-new-interim-president/2598091002/|title=Satish Udpa named Michigan State interim president, replacing Engler|website=Detroit Free Press|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref>