Editing John A. Logan (section)

==Civil War==
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| caption2  = General John A. Logan on the staff of General [[William T. Sherman]]
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U.S. Representative Logan fought at [[First Battle of Bull Run|Bull Run]] as an unattached volunteer in a [[Michigan]] regiment, and then returned to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] where, before he resigned his congressional seat on April 2, 1862, he entered the Union Army as [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] of the [[31st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment]], which he organized.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=866–867}} He was known by his soldiers as "Black Jack"<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=James Pickett |date=1967 |title=Black Jack: John A. Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Htz8KrOWTz0C |location=Gainesville, FL |publisher=University Press of Florida |page=xviii |isbn=978-0-8093-2001-1}}</ref> because of his black eyes and hair and swarthy complexion, and was regarded as one of the most able officers to enter the army from civilian life.  In a time when [[political general]]s usually performed poorly in battle, Logan was an exception.

Before resigning his seat, Union Army Colonel Logan served in the army of [[Ulysses S. Grant]] in the Western Theater and was present at the [[Battle of Belmont]] on November 7, 1861, where his horse was killed, and at [[Battle of Fort Donelson|Fort Donelson]], where he was wounded on February 15, 1862. Soon after the victory at Donelson, he resigned his seat on April 2, 1862, and was promoted to [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general in the volunteers]], as of March 21, 1862. Major [[John Hotaling]] served as his chief of staff. To confuse matters, the 32nd Illinois was commanded at Shiloh by a different Colonel John Logan. During the [[Siege of Corinth]], John A. Logan commanded first a [[brigade]] and then the 1st [[division (military)|Division]] of the [[Army of the Tennessee]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=867}} In the spring of 1863, he was promoted to [[Major general (United States)|major general]] to rank from November 29, 1862.

In Grant's [[Vicksburg Campaign]], Logan commanded the 3rd Division of [[James B. McPherson]]'s [[XVII Corps (Union Army)|XVII Corps]], which was the first to enter the city of [[Battle of Vicksburg|Vicksburg]] in July 1863 after its capture. Logan then served as the city's military governor. In November 1863 he succeeded [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] in command of the [[XV Corps (Union Army)|XV Corps]]; and at the [[Battle of Atlanta]] (July 22, 1864), after the death of James B. McPherson during the day, he assumed command of the [[Army of the Tennessee]]. He was relieved a short time afterward by [[Oliver O. Howard]]. He returned to Illinois for the 1864 elections but rejoined the army afterward and commanded his XV corps in Sherman's [[Carolinas Campaign]].

In December 1864, Grant became impatient with [[George Henry Thomas|George H. Thomas's]] apparent unwillingness to attack immediately at [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] and sent Logan to relieve him. Logan was stopped in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] when news came that Thomas had completely smashed [[John Bell Hood]]'s [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] army in the [[Battle of Nashville]].

Logan had been disappointed when Howard was given permanent command of the Army of the Tennessee after McPherson's death, and Sherman arranged for Logan to lead the army during the May 1865 Grand Review in Washington.