Editing Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (section)

==Origin==
{{see also|Timeline of the Jurchens}}
The progenitors of the Jin and the [[Jurchen people]] were the [[Mohe people]], who lived in what is now [[Northeast China]]. The Mohe were a primarily sedentary people who practiced hunting, pig farming, and grew crops such as soybean, wheat, millet, and rice. Horses were rare in the region until the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] period and pastoralism was not widespread until the 10th century under the domination of the [[Khitans]]. The Mohe exported reindeer products and may have ridden them as well. They practiced mass slavery and used the slaves to aid in hunting and agricultural work.{{sfn|Gorelova|2002|pp=13–14}}{{sfn|Crossley|1997|p=17}} The Tang described the Mohe as a fierce and uncultured people who used poisoned arrows.{{sfn|Crossley|1997|p=124}}

The two most powerful groups of Mohe were the [[Heishui Mohe]] in the north, named after the [[Amur|Heilong River]], and the [[Sumo Mohe]] in the south, named after the [[Songhua River]]. From the Heishui Mohe emerged the Jurchens in the forested mountain areas of eastern Manchuria and Russia's [[Primorsky Krai]].{{sfn|Crossley|1997|pp=18–20}} The Wuguo (五國)  ("Five Nations") federation that existed to the northeast of modern [[Jilin]] are also considered to be ancestors of the Jurchens. The Jurchens were mentioned in historical records for the first time in the 10th century as tribute bearers to the [[Liao dynasty|Liao]], [[Later Tang]], and [[Song dynasty|Song]] courts. They practiced hunting, fishing, and kept domestic oxen while their primary export was horses. They had no script, calendar, or offices during the mid-11th century. The Jurchens were minor political actors in the international system at the time. By the 10th century, the Jurchens had become vassals of the Liao dynasty, but they also sent a number of tributary and trade missions to the Song capital of [[Kaifeng]], which the Liao tried unsuccessfully to prevent.{{sfn|Franke|1994b|pp=217–220}} Some Jurchens paid tribute to [[Goryeo]] and sided with the latter during the [[Goryeo–Khitan War]]. They offered tribute to both courts out of political necessity and for material benefits.{{sfn|Breuker|2010|pp=220–221}}

In the 11th century, there was widespread discontent against [[Khitan people|Khitan]] rule among the Jurchens as the Liao violently extorted annual tribute from the Jurchen tribes. Leveraging the Jurchens' desire for independence from the Khitans, chief [[Wugunai]] (1021–1074) of the [[Wanyan]] clan rose to prominence, dominating all of eastern Manchuria from [[Mount Changbai]] to the Wuguo tribes. According to tradition, Wugunai was a sixth generation descendant of [[Hanpu]] while his father held a military title from the Liao court, although the title did not confer or hold any real power. His grandson [[Wanyan Aguda|Aguda]] eventually founded the Jin dynasty.{{sfn|Franke|1994b|p=220}}