Editing Jeet Kune Do (section)

==Principles==
Lee incorporated into Jeet Kune Do four universal combat truths that he felt were self-evident and would lead to combat success if followed.  The "4 Combat Ranges" in particular are what he felt were instrumental in becoming a "total" martial artist. This is also the principle most related to mixed martial arts.<ref name="BlackBeltMag">{{Cite journal |last=Hochheim |first=W. Hoch |date=Jan 1995 |title=The Maze of Jeet Kune Do |journal=[[Black Belt Magazine]] |publisher=Rainbow Publications, Inc. |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=110}}</ref>

JKD practitioners also subscribe to the notion that the best defence is a strong offense, hence the principle of "Intercepting".  Lee believed that in order for an opponent to attack someone they had to move towards them.  This provided an opportunity to "intercept" that attack or movement.  The principle of interception covers more than just intercepting physical attacks.  Lee believed that many non-verbals and telegraphs (subtle movements that an opponent is unaware of) could be perceived or "intercepted" and thus be used to one's advantage.  The ''"5 Ways of Attack"'' are attacking categories that help Jeet Kune Do practitioners organize their fighting [[repertoire]] and comprise the offensive portion of JKD. The concepts of Stop hits & stop kicks and simultaneous parrying & punching were borrowed from [[European Fencing|European fencing]] and Wing Chun's theory of simultaneous defending and attacking and comprise the defensive portion of JKD.  These concepts were modified for unarmed combat and implemented into the JKD framework by Lee.  These concepts also complement the other principle of interception.<ref name=BlackBeltMag/>

===Be like water===
Lee believed that martial systems should be as flexible as possible.  He often used water as an analogy for describing why flexibility is a desired trait in martial arts.  Water is infinitely flexible. It can be seen through, and yet at other times it can obscure things from sight. It can split and go around things, rejoining on the other side, or it can crash through things. It can erode the hardest rocks by gently lapping away at them or it can flow past the tiniest pebble.  Lee believed that a martial system should have these attributes.  JKD students reject traditional systems of training, fighting styles and the [[Confucian]] [[pedagogy]] used in traditional [[kung fu]] schools because of this lack of flexibility.  JKD is claimed to be a dynamic concept that is forever changing, thus being extremely flexible. ''"Absorb what is useful; disregard that which is useless"'' is an often quoted Bruce Lee [[w:en:Maxim (saying)|maxim]]. A JKD student is encouraged to study every form of combat possible, both to add to his arsenal and to know how to defend against such tactics.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Economy of motion===
JKD students are told to waste no time or movement. This technique can be called the technique of "Least action" thus strike the opponent with the least distance, time and energy possible but also giving a powerful and precise strike. When it comes to combat JKD practitioners believe the simplest things work best.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Makes Jeet Kune Do an Effective Fighting Art? |website=Las Vegas Shaolin Kung Fu Academy |date=March 25, 2023 |url=https://www.lvshaolin.com/what-makes-jeet-kune-do-an-effective-fighting-art/ |access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref>

====Stop hits and stop kicks====
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
Adherents of JKD area taught to intercept an opponent's attack with an attack of their own, rather than simply blocking the attack. JKD practitioners consider this to be the most difficult defensive skill to develop. This strategy is a feature of some traditional Chinese martial arts, as well as an essential component of European épée fencing (known in fencing terminology as the "counter-attack").

====Simultaneous parrying and punching====
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2024}}
When confronting an incoming attack, the attack is parried or deflected and a counterattack is delivered at the same time. This is not as advanced as a stop hit but is more effective than blocking and then counterattacking in sequence. This is also practiced by some Chinese martial arts.

====No high kicks====
JKD practitioners believe they should target their kicks to their opponent's shins, knees, thighs, midsection, and no higher, as these targets are the closest to the (kicking) foot, provide more stability, and are more difficult to defend against. However, as with all other JKD principles, nothing is written in stone, and if a target of opportunity above the midsection presents itself, one may take advantage of it without feeling hampered by this principle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/tao-of-jeet-kune-do/Bruce%20Lees%20Fighting%20Method_%20The%20Complete%20Bruce%20Lee/page/n189/mode/2up |title=Bruce Lee's Fighting Method |publisher=Ohara Publications, Inc. |year= |edition= |volume= |pages=190–195}}</ref>

===The four ranges of combat===
* [[Kicking]]
* [[Punch (strike)|Punching]]
* [[Trapping (Martial Arts)|Trapping]]
* [[Grappling]]

Jeet Kune Do students train in each of these ranges equally.  According to Lee, this range of training  differentiates JKD from other martial arts, as most traditional martial systems specialize in training at one or two ranges. Lee's theories have been especially influential in the field of Mixed Martial Arts, as the [[Mixed martial arts#Phases of combat|MMA Phases of Combat]] are essentially the same concept as the JKD combat ranges. As a historical note, the ranges in JKD have evolved over time. Initially the ranges were categorized as short or close, medium, and long range.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Linda |title=[[The Tao of Jeet Kune Do]] |date=1975 |publisher=Ohara Publications Inc. |isbn=0-89750-048-2 |author-link=Linda Lee Cadwell}}</ref>  These terms proved ambiguous and eventually evolved into their more descriptive forms although there may still be others who prefer the three categories.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Five ways of attack===
* ''Single Angular Attack'' (SAA) and its converse ''Single Direct Attack'' (SDA).
* ''Hand Immobilization Attack'' (HIA) and its counterpart ''Foot Immobilization attack'', which make use of trapping to limit the opponent's function with that appendage.
* ''Progressive Indirect Attack'' (PIA).  Attacking one part of the opponent's body followed by attacking another part as a means of creating an opening.
* ''Attack By Combinations'' (ABC).  This is using multiple rapid attacks, with volume of attack as a means of overcoming the opponent.
* ''Attack By Drawing'' (ABD).  This is creating an opening with positioning as a means of counterattacking.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Inosanto |first=Dan |title=Jeet Kune Do: The Art & Philosophy of Bruce Lee |date=1980 |publisher=Know Now Publishing Co. |isbn=0-938676-00-8 |pages=104–106 |author-link=Dan Inosanto}}</ref>

===Three parts of JKD===
JKD practitioners believe that techniques should contain the following properties:
* ''Efficiency''  - An attack that reaches its mark
* ''Directness''  - Doing what comes naturally in a learned way.
* ''Simplicity''  - Thinking in an uncomplicated manner; without ornamentation.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

===Centreline===
The centreline refers to an imaginary line running down the centre of one's body. The theory is to exploit, control and dominate your opponent's centreline. All attacks, defences and footwork are designed to preserve your own centreline and open your opponent's.  Lee incorporated this theory into JKD from Wing Chun.  This notion is closely related to maintaining control of the centre squares in the strategic game [[chess]].{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

The three guidelines for centreline are:
* The one who controls the centreline will control the fight.
* Protect and maintain your own centreline while you control and exploit your opponent's.
* Control the centreline by occupying it.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}