Editing Jawor (section)

==History==
[[File:Jawor (0128).jpg|thumb|left|[[Jawor Castle|Piast Castle]], former residence of local [[Piast dynasty|Piast]] dukes]]
Jawor was the main [[Gord (archaeology)|stronghold]] of the Trzebowianie tribe, one of the [[Polish tribes]], and became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. According to [[Middle Ages|medieval]] chronicles the settlement was expanded in the 11th century.<ref name=khj>[http://jawor.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/kalendarium_historii_miasta.pdf ''Kalendarium Historii Jawora'' (in Polish)]</ref> It was granted [[town rights]] between 1242 and 1275.<ref name=his>{{cite web|url=http://jawor.pl/miasto/historia/|title=Historia|website=Gmina Jawor|access-date=14 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> As a result of the [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Fragmentation of the realm (1138–1320)|fragmentation]] of Poland, Jawor became part of the [[Duchy of Silesia]], then the [[Duchy of Legnica]] from 1248, and from 1274 it was the capital of the [[Duchy of Jawor]],<ref name=khj/> the southwesternmost duchy of medieval Poland, before being integrated with the [[Duchy of Świdnica]] in 1346, part of which it remained until 1392, all the time remaining under the founding dynasty of the [[Piast dynasty|Piasts]]. By the end of the 13th century, stone defensive walls were erected.<ref name=his/> Between 1279 and 1334 the St. Martin church was built and in 1311 the St. Barbara church was renovated.<ref name=khj/> Churches of St. Martin and St. Barbara are the oldest churches in Jawor. In 1324 the first hospital was founded.<ref name=khj/> The first known image of the coat of arms of Jawor, preserved on the city seal comes from 1300.<ref name=his/> Jawor has grown into one of the most important centers of [[weaving]] in [[Lower Silesia]].<ref name=his/> In 1329 Jawor was granted [[staple right]] by Duke [[Henry I of Jawor]].<ref name=his/> In the 14th century, the first [[guild]]s were founded, bringing together furriers, tailors, clothiers and merchants.<ref name=khj/>

After loss of the town by Poland, it was then ruled by [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]], [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], Bohemia again and [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]]. The town suffered during the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618–1648) as a result of repeated invasions, occupations, religious persecutions and epidemics. In 1626 it was plundered by the Austrians, in 1633 briefly occupied by [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]] and recaptured by Austria, in 1639 occupied by the Swedes and in 1640 recaptured by Austria, in 1642 occupied by the Swedes, then the Austrians and again the Swedes, finally captured in 1648 by the Austrians, who plundered and burned the town and expelled its inhabitants.<ref name=khj/> After the war, in accordance with the [[Peace of Westphalia]], the so-called [[Churches of Peace|Church of Peace]] was built, however, the Protestants were still being discriminated against by the Austrian administration.<ref name=khj/>
[[File:Jawor NARA-68155047.jpg|thumb|left|Early 20th-century view of the northern part of town]]

In the 18th century, the town and region was the subject of Austrian-Prussian wars, eventually passing to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in 1763.<ref name=khj/> The Prussians turned the Piast Castle into a prison.<ref name=wnm>{{cite web|url=https://wroclaw.naszemiasto.pl/jawor-zamek-piastowski-siedziba-ksiazat-wariatow-i-wiezniow/ar/c1-495350|title=Jawor: Zamek Piastowski - siedziba książąt, wariatów i więźniów|website=Wrocław Nasze Miasto|date=16 July 2010 |access-date=14 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> In 1776 the town suffered a fire.<ref name=his/> On 14 May 1807, during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and [[History of Poland (1795–1918)|Polish national liberation struggles]], [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish troops]] marched through the town, the day before they fought the victorious battle of Struga against the more numerous Prussians.<ref name=khj/> In 1871 along with Prussia the town became part of Germany, and remained within until 1945.

During [[World War II]] the Germans imprisoned French and Norwegian women in the castle, participants of anti-German resistance movements.<ref name=wnm/> In the final stages of the war, in early 1945, most of the town's population was evacuated by the Germans.<ref name=khj/> It was captured by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] in February and passed to Poland in April.<ref name=khj/> After the war the region officially became part of Poland again as per the [[Potsdam Agreement]]. Also according to the agreement, the Germans who had not already fled, [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|were expelled]] and Polish citizens, many of whom had been expelled from the [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union]], became the majority.

From 1975 to 1998 it was administratively located in the [[Legnica Voivodeship]].

On 9 May 2002, a ceremony to commemorate officers of the [[Special Operations Executive]] murdered by Nazi Germany at the [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp]], was held in Jawor, with the participation of representatives of the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Warsaw|Embassy of the United Kingdom in Warsaw]], the [[Institute of National Remembrance]] and [[GROM]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sula|first=Dorota|year=2013|title=30-lecie Muzeum Gross-Rosen|magazine=Nowa Kronika Wałbrzyska|publisher=Fundacja MUSEION|location=Wałbrzych|language=pl|volume=1|page=172}}</ref>