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==Kabuki== {{main|Kabuki}} [[File:Renjishi by Heisei Nakamura-za during the APEC Summit week.jpg|thumb|upright|A {{transliteration|ja|[[Renjishi]]}} performance]] {{Nihongo|Kabuki|ζθδΌ}} is a classical Japanese [[dance]]-[[drama]]. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate [[make-up]] worn by some of its performers. The individual [[kanji]] [[Ideogram|character]]s, from left to right, mean {{nihongo|'sing'|ζ}}, {{nihongo|'dance'|θ}}, and {{nihongo|'skill'|δΌ}}. Kabuki is therefore sometimes translated as 'the art of singing and dancing'. These are, however, {{transliteration|ja|[[ateji]]}} characters which do not reflect actual [[etymology]]. The kanji of 'skill' generally refers to a performer in kabuki theatre. Since the word 'kabuki' is believed to derive from the verb {{transliteration|ja|kabuku}}, meaning 'to lean' or 'to be out of the ordinary', ''kabuki'' can be interpreted as 'avant-garde' or 'bizarre' theatre.<ref name="Frederic">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA441 |title=Japan Encyclopedia|first= Louis |last=Frederic |pages=441–442 |publisher=Harvard University Press|edition=new |date=6 May 2005|isbn=978-0674017535 }}</ref> The expression {{nihongo||ζθδΌθ |kabukimono}} referred originally to those who were bizarrely dressed and swaggered on a street. The history of kabuki began in 1603, when [[Izumo no Okuni]], possibly a [[miko|shrine maiden]] of [[Izumo Taisha]] Temple, began performing a new style of dance drama in the dry riverbeds of Kyoto, and they were then called "strange" or "unusual" (''kabuki'').<ref name="Frederic"/> This new form of dance drama is thought to have been derived from folk-dances performed only by women, {{transliteration|ja|furyΕ«-Ε odori}} and {{transliteration|ja|nembu odori}}.<ref name="Frederic"/> Kabuki became a common form of entertainment in [[Yoshiwara]], the registered red-light district in Edo. During the Genroku era, kabuki thrived. The structure of a kabuki play was formalized during this period, as were many elements of style. Conventional character types were established, as were many of the most popular and still-performed plays.
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