Editing James Joyce (section)

==University years==
[[File:Newman House, Dublin.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|Newman House, Dublin, which was University College in Joyce's time{{sfn|NIAH|n.d.}}|alt=picture of the Newman House]]
Joyce enrolled at [[University College Dublin#Foundation of University College Dublin|University College]]{{efn|University College was part of the Royal University of Ireland.{{sfn|White|2001|p=[{{Google books|id=d7AJjQU333IC|pg=PA5|plainurl=yes}} 5]}} It became University College Dublin, one of three colleges in the new National University of Ireland, in 1908. The others were University College Galway and University College Cork.{{sfn|Coolahan|2010|pp=[{{Google books|id=PfFXarIhGqEC|pg=PA757|plainurl=yes}} 757]–[{{Google books|id=PfFXarIhGqEC|pg=PA758|plainurl=yes}} 758]}}}} in 1898 to study English, French and Italian.{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/58 58–60]}} While there, he was exposed to the [[scholasticism]] of [[Thomas Aquinas]], which had a strong influence on his thought for the rest of his life.{{sfnm|Noon|1957|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joyceaquinas0000noon/page/6 6]|Sullivan|1958|2p= [https://archive.org/details/joyceamongjesuit00sull/page/170 170]}} He participated in many of Dublin's theatrical and literary circles. His closest colleagues included leading Irish figures of his generation including [[George Clancy (politician)|George Clancy]], [[Tom Kettle]] and [[Francis Sheehy-Skeffington]].{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/60 61]}} Many of the acquaintances he made at this time appeared in his work.{{sfn|Davies|1982|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/86 86]}} His first publication—a laudatory review of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''[[When We Dead Awaken]]''—was printed in ''[[The Fortnightly Review]]'' in 1900. Inspired by Ibsen's works, Joyce sent him a fan letter in Norwegian{{sfnm|Davies|1982|1pp =[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/72 72–73]|Ellmann|1982|2pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/86 86–87]}}{{efn|Ibsen did not reply to the fan letter,{{sfn|Bowker|2012|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/79 79]}} but he had previously asked the Scottish critic [[William Archer (critic)|William Archer]] to thank Joyce for his "very benevolent" review.{{sfn|Joyce|1959|p=[https://archive.org/details/criticalwritings00joyc/page/47 47]|ps=: "Ibsen's New Drama"}}}} and wrote a play, ''A Brilliant Career'',{{sfnm|Costello|1992|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceyearso0000cost_l4b7/page/168 158]|Joyce|1950|2p =[https://archive.org/details/mybrotherskeeper00joyc/page/115 115]}} which he later destroyed.{{sfn|Beja|1992|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/27 27]}}{{efn|Joyce's dedicatory page to the play is all that is left: "To My own Soul I dedicate the first true work of my life."{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|p =[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/78 78]}} }}

In 1901 the National Census of Ireland listed Joyce as a 19-year-old Irish- and English-speaking unmarried student living with his parents, six sisters and three brothers at Royal Terrace (now Inverness Road) in [[Clontarf, Dublin]].{{sfn|NAI|n.d.}} During this year he became friends with [[Oliver St. John Gogarty]],{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/77 77]|Ellmann|1982|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/77 77]|O'Connor|1970|3p= [https://archive.org/details/bashintunneljame0000ryan/page/76 76]}} the model for [[Buck Mulligan]] in ''Ulysses''.{{sfn|Davies|1982|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/86 86]}} In November, Joyce wrote an article, ''The Day of the Rabblement'', criticising the [[Irish Literary Theatre]] for its unwillingness to produce the works of playwrights like Ibsen, [[Leo Tolstoy]], and [[Gerhart Hauptmann]].{{sfn|Joyce|1901|pp= [https://archive.org/details/twoessaysforgott00skefrich/page/7 7–8]}} He protested against nostalgic Irish [[Populism#"The people"|populism]] and argued for an outward-looking, cosmopolitan literature.{{sfn|Fogarty|2014|p= [https://archive.org/details/ecojoyceenvironm0000unse xv]}} Because he mentioned [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]'s novel {{lang|it|Il fuoco}} (''[[The Flame (novel)|The Flame]]''),{{sfn|Cope|1981|p=[https://archive.org/details/joycescitiesarch0000cope/page/34 34]}} which was on the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum|Roman Catholic list of prohibited books]], his college magazine refused to print it. Joyce and Sheehy-Skeffington—who had also had an article rejected—had their essays jointly printed and distributed. [[Arthur Griffith]] decried the censorship of Joyce's work in his newspaper ''[[United Irishman]]''.{{sfnm|Jordan|2012|1loc=|Kenny|2020|2p= [{{Google books|id=-TbLDwAAQBAJ|pg=PP84|plainurl=yes}} 84], [{{Google books|id=-TbLDwAAQBAJ|pg=PP149|plainurl=yes}} 149]}}

Joyce graduated from the [[Royal University of Ireland]] in October 1902. He considered studying medicine{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/91 91]}} and began attending lectures at the [[UCD School of Medicine|Catholic University Medical School]] in Dublin.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/90 90]|Ellmann|1982|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/104 104]|Hutchins|1957|3p= [{{Google books|id=OFSFCwAAQBAJ|pg=PA53|plainurl=yes}} 53]}} When the medical school refused to provide a tutoring position to help finance his education, he left Dublin to study medicine in Paris,{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/92 92–93]|Davies|1982|2p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/92 91]|Ellmann|1982|3pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/104 104–106]}} where he received permission to attend the course for a certificate in physics, chemistry, and biology at the École de Médecine.{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/112 112–113]}} By the end of January 1903 he had given up plans to study medicine,{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/100 100]|Davies|1982|2p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceportra1982davi/page/98 98]|Ellmann|1982|3p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/100 100]}} but he stayed in Paris, often reading late in the {{Lang|fr|[[Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève]]|italic=no}}.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/100 100]|Costello|1992|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceyearso0000cost_l4b7/page/204 204]|Gorman|1939|3p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce00gorm/page/94 94]}} He frequently wrote home claiming ill health due to the water, the cold weather, and his change of diet,{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/113 113]}} appealing for money his family could ill afford.{{sfnm|Ellmann|1982|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/122 122]|O'Brien|2000|2p = [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000obri/page/18 18]}}