Editing James H. Clark (section)

==Career==

===Academia===
After completing his doctorate, Clark worked at the [[New York Institute of Technology]]'s [[Computer Graphics Lab]]. He was fired from that position due to insubordination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Payment |first=Simone |title=Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark: the founders of Netscape |date=2007 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-1-4042-0719-6 |edition= |series=Internet career biographies |location=New York, NY}}</ref> He served as an [[assistant professor]] at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]] (1974-1978) before moving to [[Stanford University]] as an [[associate professor]] of [[electrical engineering]] (1979-1982). Clark's research work concerned [[geometry pipelines]], specialized software or hardware that accelerates the display of three dimensional images. The peak of his group's advancements was the ''Geometry Engine'', an early hardware accelerator for rendering computer images based on geometric models which he developed in 1979 with his students at Stanford.

===Silicon Graphics===
In 1982, Clark along with several Stanford graduate students founded [[Silicon Graphics]] (SGI).<ref>{{cite book |first=Jonathan |last=Bowen |author-link=Jonathan Bowen |chapter=Silicon Graphics, Inc. |editor-first=Raúl |editor-last=Rojas |title=Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |date=2001 |isbn=978-1579582357 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_a6j4/page/709 709–710] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_a6j4/page/709}}</ref> The earliest Silicon Graphics graphical [[workstation]]s were mainly terminals, but they were soon followed by stand-alone graphical [[Unix]] workstations with very fast graphics rendering hardware. In the mid-1980s, Silicon Graphics began to use the [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]] [[central processing unit|CPU]] as the foundation of their newest workstations, replacing the [[Motorola 68000]].

By 1991, Silicon Graphics had become the world leader in the production of Hollywood movie visual effects and 3-D imaging. Silicon Graphics focused on the high-end market where they could charge a premium for their special hardware and graphics software.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rowe|first1=Robin|title=Linux Invades Hollywood|journal=CGW|date=September 2001|volume=24|issue=9|url=http://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2001/Volume-24-Issue-9-September-2001-/Linux-Invades-Hollywood.aspx|access-date=December 17, 2017|publisher=Computer Graphics World|quote=SGI servers and workstations dominated the movie industry because they were good at two things: crunching numbers (for rendering animation), and displaying high-resolution graphics images quickly on the screen.}}</ref>

Clark had differences of opinion with Silicon Graphics management regarding the future direction of the company,{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} and departed in late January 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199401/msg00098.html |title=Silicon Graphics Announces Departure of Founder and Chairman Jim Clark |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927050857/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199401/msg00098.html |archive-date=September 27, 2009}}</ref>

===Netscape===
In February 1994, Clark sought out [[Marc Andreessen]] who had led the development of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]], the first widely distributed and easy-to-use software for browsing the [[World Wide Web]], while employed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).<ref name="Netscape">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410278/Netscape-Communications-Corp/92979/Founding-as-Mosaic-Communications?anchor=ref663699 Netscape Communications Corp.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308023119/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410278/Netscape-Communications-Corp/92979/Founding-as-Mosaic-Communications?anchor=ref663699 |date=March 8, 2020 }}. [[Netscape]], accessed December 30, 2010.</ref> Clark and Andreessen founded [[Netscape]], and developed the Netscape Navigator web browser. The founding of Netscape and its [[Initial public offering|IPO]] in August 1995 launched the Internet boom on [[Wall Street]] during the mid-to-late 1990s. Clark's initial investment in Netscape was $4 million in 1994; he exited with $1.2 billion when Netscape was acquired by AOL in 1999.<ref>{{cite video|people=Clark, James|title=Download: The True Story of the Internet "Browser Wars"|medium=Documentary|publisher=The Discovery Channel|date=2008}}</ref>

===Healtheon/WebMD===
In 1995, Clark became interested in streamlining the paperwork associated with the health-care industry. The resulting start-up, [[Healtheon]], was founded in early 1996 with backing from [[Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers|Kleiner Perkins]] and [[New Enterprise Associates]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Another-Startup-by-Jim-Clark-New-online-venture-2977549.php |title=Another Startup by Jim Clark / New online venture focuses on health care |first=Jon |last=Swartz |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=June 18, 1996}}</ref> Although Clark's original idea of eliminating the paperwork and bureaucracy associated with medical care was ambitious, it did lead to successes in administrative streamlining of medical records technology. However, an [[Atlanta]], Georgia startup company, [[WebMD]] originally focused on medical content was also making similar in-roads. Knowing WebMD had financial backing from [[Microsoft]], Clark decided to merge Healtheon with the original WebMD to form the WebMD Corporation (NASDAQ: WBMD). WebMD is a leader in health information on the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insightec.com/us/whats-new/blogs/2019/webmd-or-the-real-md#:~:text=With%2075%20million%20visitors%20per,professionals,%20employers%20and%20health%20plans. |title=WEBMD OR THE REAL MD? |access-date=2020-09-08 |website=www.insightec.com}}</ref>

===Other affiliations===
In 1999, Clark launched [[Harris myCFO|myCFO]], a company formed to help wealthy Silicon Valley individuals manage their fortunes. In late 2002, while Clark served on the board of directors, most of myCFO's operations were sold to [[Harris Bank]] and now operate as ''Harris myCFO''.

Clark was chairman and financial backer of network-security startup Neoteris, founded in 2000, which was acquired by [[NetScreen]] in 2003 and subsequently by [[Juniper Networks]].

Clark was a founding director and investor in the biotechnology company DNA Sciences, founded in 1998 to unravel the genetics of common disease using volunteers recruited from the Internet launched August 1, 2000 (see The New York Times). In 2003, the company was acquired by Genaissance Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Clark was the subject of the 1999 bestseller ''[[The New New Thing]]: A Silicon Valley Story'' by U.S. author [[Michael Lewis (author)|Michael Lewis]].

Clark was a notable investor in [[Kibu.com]], an Internet website for teens, which received approximately $22 million in funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/03/business/technology-briefing-internet-girls-site-closing.html |title=Girls site closing |last=Flynn |first=Laurie J. |date=October 3, 2000 |work=New York Times |access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> The website shut down in 2000, returning its remaining capital to investors.

Clark coproduced the 2009 movie ''[[The Cove (film)|The Cove]]''. His funding made possible the purchase and covert installation of some high-tech camera and sound-recording equipment required to capture the film's climactic dolphin slaughter.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The film addresses the problem of whale and dolphin killing in [[Taiji, Wakayama]], Japan.

Clark sits on the board and is one of the primary investors in the mobile technology company [[Ibotta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.builtincolorado.com/blog/20-million-round-ibotta-will-double-employee-base |title=With $20 million round, Ibotta will double employee base |website=Built In Colorado |language=en |access-date=January 24, 2017}}</ref> Ibotta became a publicly traded company in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Matthew |title=Ibotta's IPO just minted more than 150 millionaires, many in Denver, CEO says |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/ibotta-stock-price-ipo-mint-hundreds-millionaires-denver-colorado-ceo-2024-4 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Markets Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017, Clark announced the launch of CommandScape, a cyber secure building management and automation platform.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/08/22/netscapes-jim-clark-launches-commandscape-a-building-management-system-for-commercial-and-premium-properties/ |title=Netscape's Jim Clark launches CommandScape, a building management system for commercial and premium properties |date=August 22, 2017 |work=VentureBeat |access-date=March 6, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023244/https://venturebeat.com/2017/08/22/netscapes-jim-clark-launches-commandscape-a-building-management-system-for-commercial-and-premium-properties/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020, Clark announced the $30M A round of funding for Beyond Identity, with a product that is a phone-resident personal certificate-based authentication and authorization solution that eliminates all passwords.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Townsend |first=Kevin |date=April 14, 2020 |title=Silicon Valley Legends Launch Beyond Identity in Quest to Eliminate Passwords |url=https://www.securityweek.com/silicon-valley-legends-launch-beyond-identity-quest-eliminate-passwords/ |access-date=May 7, 2024 |work=SecurityWeek}}</ref>