Editing James Gosling (section)

==Career and contributions==
Gosling was with Sun Microsystems between 1984 and 2010 (26 years). At Sun he invented an early Unix windowing system called [[NeWS]], which became a lesser-used alternative to the still used [[X Window System]], because Sun did not give it an open source license.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

He is known as the father of the [[Java programming language]].<ref name="LeavesSun" /><ref name="joinGoogle" /> He got the idea for the [[Java virtual machine|Java VM]] while writing a program to port software from a [[PERQ]] by translating Perq Q-Code to VAX assembler and emulating the hardware. He is generally credited with having invented the [[Java (programming language)|Java]] programming language in 1994.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Allman | first1 = E. | title = Interview: A Conversation with James Gosling| doi = 10.1145/1016998.1017013 | journal = Queue | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 24 | year = 2004 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gosling | first1 = J. | author-link = James Gosling| title = The feel of Java | doi = 10.1109/2.587548 | journal = Computer | volume = 30 | issue = 6 | pages = 53–57 | year = 1997 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
 |url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=974955&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=75229392&CFTOKEN=55758856
 |title = Sun Labs-The First Five Years: The First Fifty Technical Reports. A Commemorative Issue
 |journal = Ching-Chih Chang, Amy Hall, Jeanie Treichel
 |publisher = Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 |access-date = 2010-02-07
|year = 1998
 |last1 = Chang
 |first1 = Ching-Chih
 |last2 = Hall
 |first2 = Amy
 |last3 = Treichel
 |first3 = Jeanie
 }}</ref>
He created the original design of Java and implemented the language's original compiler and [[virtual machine]].<ref>
{{cite web
| url           = http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1017013
| title         = A Conversation with James Gosling
| last1         = Gosling
| first1        = James 
| author-link1   = James Gosling
| date          = 2004-08-31
| website       = ACM Queue
| publisher     = ACM
| access-date    = 2014-07-03
| quote         = At Sun he is best known for creating the original design of Java and implementing its original compiler and virtual machine.
}}
</ref> Gosling traces the origins of the approach to his early graduate student days, when he created a [[P-code machine|p-code virtual machine]] for the lab's [[DEC VAX]] computer, so that his professor could run programs written in [[UCSD Pascal]].  In the work leading to Java at Sun, he saw that architecture-neutral execution for widely distributed programs could be achieved by implementing a similar philosophy:  always program for the same virtual machine.<ref name="McMillan2011">{{Cite journal | author = McMillan, W.W. | doi = 10.1109/MSPEC.2011.5910448 | title = The soul of the virtual machine: Java's ability to run on many different kinds of computers grew out of software devised decades before | journal = IEEE Spectrum | volume = 48 | issue = 7 | pages = 44–48 | year = 2011 | s2cid = 40545952 }}</ref>

Another contribution of Gosling's was co-writing the "[[Shar (file format)|bundle]]" program, known as "shar", a utility thoroughly detailed in [[Brian Kernighan]] and [[Rob Pike]]'s book ''[[The Unix Programming Environment]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kernighan |first1=Brian W |last2=Pike |first2=Rob |title=The Unix Programming Environment |date=1984 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=0-13-937681-X |pages=[https://archive.org/details/unixprogramminge0000kern/page/97 97-100] |url=https://archive.org/details/unixprogramminge0000kern/page/97 }}</ref>

He left Sun Microsystems on April 2, 2010, after it was acquired by the [[Oracle Corporation]],<ref name="LeavesSun">{{cite web |last1=Guevin |first1=Jennifer |title=Java co-creator James Gosling leaves Oracle |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/java-co-creator-james-gosling-leaves-oracle/ |website=CNET |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> citing reductions in pay, status, and decision-making ability, along with change of role and ethical challenges.<ref>Darryl K. Taft. (2010-09-22) [http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Application-Development/Java-Creator-James-Gosling-Why-I-Quit-Oracle-813517/ Java Creator James Gosling: Why I Quit Oracle]. eWEEK.com</ref> He has since taken a very critical stance towards Oracle in interviews, noting that "during the integration meetings between Sun and Oracle, where we were being grilled about the patent situation between Sun and Google, we could see the Oracle lawyer's eyes sparkle."<ref name="joinGoogle">Shankland, Stephen. (2011-03-28) [https://www.cnet.com/news/java-founder-james-gosling-joins-google/ Java founder James Gosling joins Google]. CNET Retrieved on 2012-02-21.</ref> He clarified his position during the ''[[Oracle v. Google]]'' trial over Android: "While I have differences with Oracle, in this case they are in the right. Google totally slimed Sun. We were all really disturbed, even [[Jonathan I. Schwartz|Jonathan]] [Schwartz]: he just decided to put on a happy face and tried to turn lemons into lemonade, which annoyed a lot of folks at Sun."<ref>[http://nighthacks.com/jag/blog/393/index.html My attitude on Oracle v Google]. Nighthacks.com. Retrieved on 2016-05-17.</ref> However, he approved of the court's ruling that APIs should not be copyrightable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nighthacks.com/jag/blog/397/index.html|title=Meltdown Averted|website=Nighthacks.com|access-date=2017-03-13}}</ref>

In March 2011, Gosling joined [[Google]].<ref>[http://nighthacks.com/jag/blog/365/index.html Next Step on the Road]. Nighthacks.com. Retrieved on 2016-05-17.</ref> Six months later, he followed his colleague Bill Vass and joined a startup called [[Liquid Robotics]].<ref name="nighthacks1"/> In late 2016, Liquid Robotics was acquired by [[Boeing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liquid-robotics.com/press-releases/boeing-to-acquire-liquid-robotics-to-enhance-autonomous-seabed-to-space-information-services/|title=Boeing to Acquire Liquid Robotics to Enhance Autonomous Seabed-to-Space Information Services|date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Following the acquisition, Gosling left Liquid Robotics to work at [[Amazon Web Services]] as Distinguished Engineer in May 2017.<ref name="aws">{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2017/05/22/java-creator-james-gosling-joins-amazon-web-services/|title=Legendary Techie James Gosling Joins Amazon Web Services|last=Darrow|first=Barb|date=May 23, 2017|website=Fortune.com|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> He retired in July 2024.<ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7213740307538956289/ LinkedIn post about retirement]</ref>

He is an advisor at the [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]] company [[Lightbend]],<ref>[http://typesafe.com/company/team Typesafe — Company: Team]. Typesafe.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-21.</ref> Independent Director at [[Jelastic]],<ref>[http://www.infoq.com/news/2014/11/Gosling-and-Souza-Join-Jelastic James Gosling and Bruno Souza Join Jelastic as Advisers]. InfoQ.com. Retrieved on 2014-11-24.</ref> and Strategic Advisor for [[Eucalyptus (computing)|Eucalyptus]],<ref>[http://www.eucalyptus.com/news/eucalyptus-appoints-dr-james-gosling-inventor-java-strategic-advisor Eucalyptus] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425061622/http://www.eucalyptus.com/news/eucalyptus-appoints-dr-james-gosling-inventor-java-strategic-advisor |date=2013-04-25 }}. Eucalyptus.com Retrieved on 2013-04-22</ref> and is a board member of DIRTT Environmental Solutions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dirtt.net/company/leadership/james-gosling|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323154924/https://www.dirtt.net/company/leadership/james-gosling|archive-date=2018-03-23|url-status= unfit|title=James Gosling|website=DIRTT Environmental Solutions Ltd.}}</ref>