Editing Jalalabad (section)

===Ancient and medieval===
Known at the time by names such as [[Nagara (ancient city)|Nagarhara]] and Adinapur, Jalalabad was a major center of [[Greco-Buddhist art|Greco-Buddhist]] culture during the late [[1st millennium BCE]], focused on sites such as [[Ahin Posh]].

The first surviving references to the city are in early 1st millennium CE accounts by visiting [[Chinese people|Chinese]] Buddhist monks. In or about 400 CE, [[Faxian]] visited "Nagarhara" and worshiped at sacred Buddhist sites, such as the "Cave of the Buddha's Shadow” (佛影窟).<ref>{{cite book |chapter=The Hephthalites in Tokharistan and Northwest India |first=Shoshin |last=Kuwayama |title=India and Central Asia |editor-first=Xinru |editor-last=Liu |publisher=Permanent Black |page=240 |isbn=978-8178243474|year=2012 }}</ref> In 630 CE, [[Xuanzang|Xuan Zang]], visited "Adinapur" and other locations nearby.

The Buddhist era began to end after the region was [[Muslim conquests of Afghanistan|conquered by Muslim forces]] during the late 1st Millennium. However, conversions to Islam evidently  did not occur quickly. In ''[[Hudud ul-'alam|Hudud-al-Alam]]'', written in 982 CE, there is reference to a village near Jalalabad where the local king had Muslim, Buddhist and [[Hindu]] wives.<ref>{{cite book |first=Willem |last=Vogelsang |title=The Afghans |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2002 |page=18 |isbn=978-0-631-19841-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&pg=RA1-PA18}}</ref>

[[File:Royal Park Jalalabad postcard.jpg|thumb|left|The Bagh-e Shahi palace and gardens, c. 1920.]]
[[File:The Amir’s Garden, Jalālābād WDL11478.png|thumb|left|The Emir's gardens, pictured in the 19th century.]]

The region became part of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]] in the 10th century. [[Sabuktigin]] annexed the land all the way west of the [[Neelum River]] in Kashmir. "The Afghans and Khiljies who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Sabuktigin, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to [[Ghazni]]."<ref name=Farishta-2>{{cite web |work=[[Ferishta]], History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15 |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=06901021&ct=13 |title=AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN |publisher=Packard Humanities Institute |access-date=2012-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514092123/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=06901021&ct=13 |archive-date=2013-05-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Ghurids]] succeeded the Ghaznavids and expanded the Islamic empire further into Hindustan. The region around Jalalabad later became part of the [[Khalji dynasty|Khalji]] territory, followed by that of the [[Timurids]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hewitt |first1=Cooper |title=Afghanistan {{!}} Countries {{!}} Collection of Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/countries/23424739/ |website=collection.cooperhewitt.org |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420015105/https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/countries/23424739/ |url-status=live }}</ref>