Editing Jagiellonian University (section)

===Founding the university===
[[File:Założenie Szkoły Głównej przeniesieniem do Krakowa ugruntowane (Matejko UJ).jpg|thumb|left|150px|The founding of the university in 1364, painted by [[Jan Matejko]] (1838–1893)]]
In the mid-14th century, [[Kazimierz III the Great|King Casimir III the Great]] realised that the nation needed a class of educated people, especially lawyers, who could arrange a better set of the country's laws and administer the courts and offices. His efforts to found an institution of higher learning in Poland were rewarded when [[Pope Urban V]] granted him permission to set up a university in Kraków. A [[royal charter]] of foundation was issued on 12 May 1364, and a simultaneous document was issued by the city council granting privileges to the ''[[Studium Generale]]''.

Development of the University of Kraków stalled upon the death of Casimir III, and lectures were held in various places across the city, including, amongst others, in professors' houses, churches and in the cathedral school on the Wawel Hill. It is believed that the construction of a building to house the ''Studium Generale'' began on Plac Wolnica in what is today the district of Kazimierz.

After a period of low interest and lack of funds, the institution was restored in the 1390s by [[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]], king<ref>Jadwiga was officially crowned as "King of Poland" – ''Hedvig Rex Poloniæ'', not ''Hedvig Regina Poloniæ''. Polish law had no provision for a female ruler ([[queen regnant]]), but did not specify that the monarch had to be male.</ref> of Poland, the daughter of [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]]. The royal couple, Jadwiga and her husband [[Władysław II Jagiełło]] decided that, instead of building new premises for the university, it would be better to buy an existing edifice; it was thus that a building on Żydowska Street, which had previously been the property of the Pęcherz family, was acquired in 1399. The Queen donated all of her personal jewellery to the university, allowing it to enroll 203 students.

Following Jadwiga's death in 1399, her husband of Lithuanian origin Władysław II Jagiełło became the sole monarch of the Kingdom of Poland who on 26 July 1400 had reformed the university based on the model of the [[Sorbonne University]] and the Faculty of Theology was established.<ref name="JUVle">{{cite web |title=Jogailos universitetas |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogailos-universitetas/ |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]] |access-date=1 December 2024 |language=lt |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130175450/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogailos-universitetas/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In ~1400, a {{lang|fr|bourse}} of Lithuanian students (a shared accommodation, maintenance and education institution) was established and in the 15th-16th centuries more than 300 Lithuanian students studied in the university, including one of the creators of the [[Lithuanian language]] writing [[Abraomas Kulvietis]] and [[Stanislovas Rapalionis]].<ref name="JUVle"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tumelis |first1=Juozas |title=Bursa |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/bursa-1/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=1 December 2024 |language=lt |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130164723/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/bursa-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1401, the Lithuanian duke [[Jonas Vaidutis]], a grandson of the former Lithuanian monarch [[Kęstutis]] and a relative of Władysław II Jagiełło from the [[Gediminids]] dynasty, was elected as the second [[Rectors of the Jagiellonian University|rector]] of the university.<ref name="JUVle"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Petrauskas |first1=Rimvydas |author-link=Rimvydas Petrauskas |title=Jonas Vaidutis |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jonas-vaidutis/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=1 December 2024 |language=lt |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130163213/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jonas-vaidutis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The faculties of astronomy, law and theology attracted eminent scholars: for example, [[John Cantius]], [[Stanisław of Skarbimierz]], [[Paweł Włodkowic]], [[Jan of Głogów]], [[Sandivogius of Czechel]] and [[Albert Brudzewski]], who from 1491 to 1495 was one of [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]' teachers.<ref>For a summary description of all of the set of scholars and literati who intervened in teaching at the [[University of Parma]] from its creation until 1800, see [[David de la Croix]] and Gaia Spolverini,(2022). [https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/article/view/65213 Scholars and Literati at the University of Cracow (1364–1800).Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE. 6: 35–42.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717112406/https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/article/view/65213 |date=17 July 2024 }}</ref> The university was the first university in Europe to establish independent chairs in Mathematics and [[Astronomy]]. This rapid expansion in the university's faculty necessitated the purchase of larger premises in which to house them; it was thus that the building known today as the ''[[Collegium Maius]]'', with its quadrangle and beautiful arcade, came into being towards the beginning of the 15th century. The ''Collegium Maius''' qualities, many of which directly contributed to the sheltered, academic atmosphere at the university, became widely respected, helping the university establish its reputation as a place of learning in Central Europe.