Editing JANET (section)

=== Early academic networks ===
{{Further|Packet switching|NPL network|Internet in the United Kingdom#History}}

Janet developed out of academic networks built in Britain since the late 1960s. Planning for the first regional network, South West Universities Computer Network (SWUCN), centred on Bristol began in 1967 and work started in 1969.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Computing Service History - BUCS - History and Archive - University Wiki |url=https://wiki.bath.ac.uk/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=52897300 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=wiki.bath.ac.uk}}</ref> A number of national computer facilities serving the [[Science and Engineering Research Council|Science Research Council]] (SRC) community developed in the early 1970s, each with their own star network ([[University of London Computer Centre|ULCC London]], UMRCC Manchester, [[Rutherford Appleton Laboratory]]).<ref name=":3" /> Other regional networks followed in the mid-late 1970s around Edinburgh (RCOnet), London (METROnet), the Midlands (MIDnet), and Newcastle (NUMAC - the Northern Universities Multiple Access Computer<ref>{{cite web |title=Northumbrian Universities Multiple Access Computer - the NUMAC Data Entry System - Manual - Computing History |url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/43344/Northumbrian-Universities-Multiple-Access-Computer-The-NUMAC-Data-Entry-System/ |website=History of Computing}}</ref>) among others such as Yorkshire and the South East.<ref name=":3" /> These groups of institutions [[Shared resource|pooled resources]] to provide better computing facilities than could be afforded individually. The star networks developed into distributed computer networks but each was based on one manufacturer's standards and were mutually incompatible and overlapping.<ref name=":3">{{Cite thesis|last=Rutter|first=Dorian|title=From Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995|date=2005|degree=Computer Science|publisher=The University of Warwick|url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1197/1/WRAP_THESIS_Rutter_2005.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=Kit |date=1980-07-01 |title=Evolution of networks using standard protocols |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664%2880%2990069-9 |journal=Computer Communications |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=117–122 |doi=10.1016/0140-3664(80)90069-9 |issn=0140-3664}}</ref><ref name="ieee-kirstein">{{cite journal|last=Kirstein|first=Peter T.|date=Jan–Mar 1999|title=Early Experiences with the ARPANET and INTERNET in the UK|url=http://nrg.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mjh/kirstein-arpanet.pdf|journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing|volume=21|issue=1|doi=10.1109/85.759368|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810133640/http://nrg.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mjh/kirstein-arpanet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>