Editing Ivan Sutherland (section)

==Career and research==
From 1963 to 1965, after he received his PhD, he served in the U.S. Army, commissioning as an officer through the ROTC program at Carnegie Institute of Technology. As a first lieutenant, Sutherland replaced [[J. C. R. Licklider]] as the head of the US Defense Department [[DARPA|Advanced Research Project Agency]]'s  [[Information Processing Techniques Office]] (IPTO), when Licklider took a job at IBM in 1964.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia |author1=Moschovitis Group |author2=Hilary W. Poole |author3=Laura Lambert |author4=Chris Woodford|author4-link=Chris Woodford (author) |author5=Christos J. P. Moschovitis | publisher = ABC-CLIO | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1-85109-659-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qi-ItIG6QLwC&q=licklider+sutherland+arpa&pg=RA1-PA159}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Page, Dan  |author2=Cynthia Lee|title=Looking Back at Start of a Revolution|work=UCLA Today|publisher=The Regents of the University of California (UC Regents)|year=1999|url=http://www.today.ucla.edu/1999/990928looking.html|access-date=2007-11-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224090235/http://www.today.ucla.edu/1999/990928looking.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Waldrop |first1=M. Mitchell |title=The Dream Machine |date=2018 |publisher=Stripe Press |isbn=978-1-7322651-1-0 |page=251 |edition=Fourth}}</ref>

From 1965 to 1968, Sutherland was an associate professor of electrical engineering at [[Harvard University]]. Work with student [[Danny Cohen (engineer)|Danny Cohen]] in 1967 led to the development of the [[Cohen–Sutherland]] computer graphics line clipping algorithm. In 1968, with his students [[Bob Sproull]], Quintin Foster, [[Danny Cohen (engineer)|Danny Cohen]], and others he created the first head-mounted display that rendered images for the viewer's changing pose, as sensed by [[The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)|The Sword of Damocles]], thus making the first [[virtual reality]] system. A prior system, [[Sensorama]],<ref>{{Citation|title=Stereoscopic-television apparatus for individual use|date=1957-05-24|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2955156A/en |website=Google Patents |id=US2955156A |access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/wearables/forgotten-genius-the-man-who-made-a-working-vr-machine-in-1957-1318253/2|title=A Gear VR for from the 1950s? - Forgotten genius: the man who made a working VR machine in 1957 |website= TechRadar |first1=Holly |last1=Brockwell |date=April 3, 2016  |access-date=2018-05-17|language=EN-GB}}</ref> used a [[Head Mounted Display|head-mounted display]] to play back static video and other sensory stimuli. The optical see-through head-mounted display used in Sutherland's VR system was a stock item used by U.S. military helicopter pilots to view video from cameras mounted on the helicopter's belly.

From 1968 to 1974, Sutherland was a professor at the [[University of Utah]]. Among his students there were [[Alan Kay]], inventor of the [[Smalltalk]] language, Gordon W. Romney (computer and cybersecurity scientist), who rendered the first 3D images at U of U, [[Henri Gouraud (computer scientist)|Henri Gouraud]], who devised the [[Gouraud shading]] technique, [[Franklin C. Crow|Frank Crow]], who went on to develop [[Spatial anti-aliasing|antialiasing]] methods, Jim Clark, founder of [[Silicon Graphics]], [[Henry Fuchs]], and [[Edwin Catmull]], co-founder of [[Pixar]] and now president of [[Walt Disney Feature Animation|Walt Disney]] and Pixar Animation Studios.

In 1968 he co-founded [[Evans & Sutherland]] with his friend and colleague [[David C. Evans (computer scientist)|David C. Evans]]. The company did pioneering work in the field of real-time hardware, accelerated [[3D computer graphics]], and [[Computer printer|printer]] languages. Former employees of Evans & Sutherland included the future founders of [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] ([[John Warnock]]) and [[Silicon Graphics]] ([[James H. Clark|Jim Clark]]).

From 1974 to 1978 he was the [[Fletcher Jones (American entrepreneur)|Fletcher Jones]] Professor of Computer Science at [[California Institute of Technology]], where he was the founding head of that school's computer science department.  He then founded a consulting firm, Sutherland, Sproull and Associates, which was purchased in 1990 by [[Sun Microsystems]] to form the seed of its research division, Sun Labs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivan Sutherland |url=https://computerhistory.org/profile/ivan-sutherland/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Computer History Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=VLSI Research |url=https://labs.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=94065:12:17236785846387:20 |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Oracle Labs}}</ref>

Sutherland was a fellow and vice president at [[Sun Microsystems]]. Sutherland was a visiting scholar in the computer science division at [[University of California, Berkeley]] (fall 2005 – spring 2008). Since 2009, Sutherland and Roncken have led the research in [[Asynchronous Systems]] at [[Portland State University]].<ref>{{cite web |title= About ARC |work= Asynchronous Research Center |publisher= Portland State University |url= http://arc.cecs.pdx.edu/about |access-date= April 1, 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025622/http://arc.cecs.pdx.edu/about |archive-date= July 20, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="CV">[https://arc.cecs.pdx.edu/sites/all/uploads/CV_IvanSutherland.pdf CV of Ivan Sutherland], [[Portland State University]]</ref>

===Awards and honors===
* [[Computer History Museum]] Fellow "for the Sketchpad computer-aided design system and for lifelong contributions to computer graphics and education", 2005<ref>{{Cite web |title= Ivan E. Sutherland |website= Computer History Museum|url= http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Ivan,Sutherland/ |access-date= March 30, 2015 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150403185659/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Ivan,Sutherland/ |archive-date= April 3, 2015 }}</ref>
* R&D 100 Award, 2004 (team)<ref name="RD100">{{cite web |url-status=dead |title=Proximity Communication Garners Prestigious Awards |url=http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-09-20.proximity.html |website=Sun Microsystems |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717053210/http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2004-09-20.proximity.html |archive-date=2009-07-17 }}</ref>
* [[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]], 1998<ref name="vonNeumann">{{Cite web |title=IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients |url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/vonneupr.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509144426/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/vonneupr.html |archive-date=May 9, 2009 |website=IEEE}}</ref>
* Elected a [[Fellow]] of the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] in 1994<ref name="ACMFellow">{{Cite web |title=Ivan E Sutherland |url=http://fellows.acm.org/fellow_citation.cfm?id=3467412&srt=alpha&alpha=S |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021143740/http://fellows.acm.org/fellow_citation.cfm?id=3467412&srt=alpha&alpha=S |archive-date=Oct 21, 2012 |website=ACM: Fellows Award}}</ref>
* [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] EFF Pioneer Award, 1994<ref name="EFFPioneer">[http://w2.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1994.php EFF Pioneer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007125517/http://w2.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1994.php |date=2010-10-07 }}</ref>
* [[ACM Software System Award]], 1993<ref name=acmaward>{{cite web |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |url=http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=149 |work=ACM Awards |title=Software System Award |access-date=October 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402203501/http://awards.acm.org/homepage.cfm?srt=all&awd=149 |archive-date=April 2, 2012 }}</ref>
* Honorary [[Doctor of Philosophy]] from the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] (1986).<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://facultygov.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/261/2011/08/1986HDSutherland.pdf |title=IVAN E. SUTHERLAND}}</ref>
* [[Turing Award]], 1988<ref name="Turing">{{Cite web | url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm | title=Ivan Sutherland – A.M. Turing Award Laureate | access-date=2014-10-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919194156/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm | archive-date=2017-09-19 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Computerworld]] Honors Program, Leadership Award, 1987<ref name="CWH">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cwhonors.org/leadership/indexpast.html |title=Computerworld Leadership Award |access-date=2010-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224055301/http://www.cwhonors.org/leadership/indexpast.html |archive-date=2008-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{Awards|award=[[IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award]]|year=1986|title="For pioneering work in the development of interactive computer graphics systems and contributions to computer science education."|role=|name=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieeFe.org/documents/piore_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |accessdate=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124232834/http://ieee.org/documents/piore_rl.pdf |archive-date=November 24, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
* Elected a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] of the United States in 1978<ref name=nas/>
* [[National Academy of Engineering]] member
1973 "for creative contributions in computer science and computer graphics, particularly in the study of the interfaces between men and machines"<ref name="NAE">{{cite web |url=http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members+By+UNID/A96504917AE99F038625755200622DC5?opendocument |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529193921/http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members+By+UNID/A96504917AE99F038625755200622DC5?opendocument |archive-date=2010-05-29 |title=Dr. Ivan E. Sutherland |website=National Academy of Engineering }}</ref>
* [[Kyoto Prize]] 2012, in the category of advanced technology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/US-computer-scientist-wins-Kyoto-Prize/articleshow/14338078.cms|title=US computer scientist wins Kyoto Prize |date=Jun 22, 2012 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-06-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622193217/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/US-computer-scientist-wins-Kyoto-Prize/articleshow/14338078.cms |archive-date=2012-06-22 }}</ref>
* [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] Inductee, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://invent.org/inductees/sutherland-ivan/ |title=Ivan E. Sutherland Display Windowing by Clipping Patent No. 3,639,736 |website=National Inventors Hall of Fame |access-date=2016-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219231939/http://invent.org/inductees/sutherland-ivan/ |archive-date=2016-02-19 }}</ref>
* [[Washington Award]], 2018 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewashingtonaward.com/recipients/|title=Washington Award Recipients | website=The Washington Award |publisher=Western Society of Engineers|access-date= 11 September 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031093903/http://www.thewashingtonaward.com/recipients/ |archive-date= Oct 31, 2020 }}</ref>
* [[BBVA]] Fronteras del conocimiento 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europapress.es/ciencia/noticia-ivan-sutherland-premio-bbva-revolucionar-interaccion-humano-maquina-traves-realidad-virtual-20190219115759.html|title=Ivan Sutherland, Premio BBVA por revolucionar la interacción humano-máquina a través de la realidad virtual|date=19 February 2019 |access-date=2019-02-19 |language=Spanish |website=cienciaplus |publisher=Europa Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.es/tecnologia/informatica/hardware/abci-ivan-sutherland-padre-graficos-ordenador-premio-fronteras-conocimiento-fundacion-bbva-201902191152_noticia.html|title=Ivan Sutherland, "padre de los gráficos por ordenador", Premio "Fronteras del Conocimiento" de la Fundación BBVA|date=19 February 2019 |access-date=2019-02-19}} (Spanish)</ref>

===Quotes===
* "A display connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world.  It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland."<ref name="ultimate_display">{{cite book |last=Sutherland |first= Ivan E. |author-link=Ivan Sutherland |title=Proceedings of IFIP Congress |year=1965 |pages=506–508 |chapter=The Ultimate Display |chapter-url=http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.136.3720}}</ref>
* "The ultimate display would, of course, be a room within which the computer can control the existence of matter. A chair displayed in such a room would be good enough to sit in. Handcuffs displayed in such a room would be confining, and a bullet displayed in such a room would be fatal."<ref name="ultimate_display"/>
* When asked: "How could you possibly have done the first interactive graphics program, the first non-procedural programming language, the first object oriented software system, all in one year?", Sutherland replied: "Well, I didn't know it was hard."<ref name="kay_lecture">{{cite video |people=Alan Kay (Speaker) |date=1987 |title=Doing with Images Makes Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987 |medium=Videotape |publisher=University Video Communications, Apple Computer  |access-date=22 September 2011}}</ref>
* "It’s not an idea until you write it down."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm|title=Ivan Sutherland|last=Burton|first=Robert|year=2012|work=A.M. Turing Awards|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919194156/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm|archive-date=19 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* "Without the fun, none of us would go on!"<ref>{{Citation
  | last = Sutherland
  | first = Ivan
  | author-link = Ivan Sutherland
  | title = Technology and Courage
  |date=April 1996
  | citeseerx = 10.1.1.137.8273
}}</ref>

===Patents===

Sutherland has more than 60 patents, including:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170308164113/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7636361 US Patent 7,636,361 (2009) Apparatus and method for high-throughput asynchronous communication with flow control]
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7417993 US Patent 7,417,993 (2008) Apparatus and method for high-throughput asynchronous communication] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308220307/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7417993 |date=2017-03-08 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7384804 US Patent 7,384,804 (2008) Method and apparatus for electronically aligning capacitively coupled mini-bars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308201717/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7384804 |date=2017-03-08 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3889107 US patent 3,889,107 (1975)  System of polygon sorting by dissection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216040237/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3889107 |date=2018-12-16 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3816726 US patent 3,816,726 (1974) Computer Graphics Clipping System for Polygons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216025911/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3816726 |date=2018-12-16 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3732557 US patent 3,732,557 (1973) Incremental Position-Indicating System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308211350/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3732557 |date=2017-03-08 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3684876 US patent 3,684,876 (1972) Vector Computing System as for use in a Matrix Computer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309011734/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3684876 |date=2017-03-09 }}
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3639736 US patent 3,639,736 (1972) Display Windowing by Clipping] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308154837/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3639736 |date=2017-03-08 }}

===Publications===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20220703132118/http://www.cadazz.com/cad-software-Sketchpad.htm  SketchPad], 2004 from "CAD software – history of CAD CAM" by CADAZZ
*Sutherland's 1963 Ph.D. Thesis from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] republished in 2003 by University of Cambridge as Technical Report Number 574, ''[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/TechReports/UCAM-CL-TR-574.pdf Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System]''.  His thesis supervisor was [[Claude Shannon]], father of [[information theory]].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090718042600/http://research.sun.com/techrep/2001/abstract-100.html Duchess Chips for Process-Specific Wire Capacitance Characterization, The], by Jon Lexau, Jonathan Gainsley, Ann Coulthard and Ivan E. Sutherland, [[Sun Microsystems Laboratories]] Report Number TR-2001-100, October 2001
*[http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/smli_ps-1.pdf Technology And Courage] by Ivan Sutherland, [[Sun Microsystems Laboratories]] Perspectives Essay Series, Perspectives-96-1 (April 1996)
*{{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20110718191534/http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/abowd_team/ivan/ivan.html |date=July 18, 2011 |title=Biography, "Ivan Sutherland" circa 1996, hosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604095314/http://research.sun.com/techrep/1994/abstract-25.html Counterflow Pipeline Processor Architecture], by Ivan E. Sutherland, Charles E. Molnar ([[Charles Molnar]]), and Robert F. Sproull ([[Bob Sproull]]), [[Sun Microsystems Laboratories]] Report Number TR-94-25, April 1994
*[http://purl.umn.edu/107642 Oral history interview with Ivan Sutherland] at [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.  Sutherland describes his tenure as head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) from 1963 to 1965. He discusses the existing programs as established by [[J. C. R. Licklider]] and the new initiatives started while he was there: projects in graphics and networking, the [[ILLIAC IV]], and the Macromodule program.