Editing Isle of Man (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of the Isle of Man}}

In the later part of the [[Mesolithic Period]] c.8000&nbsp;BCE, the island was cut off from the surrounding islands as sea levels rose following the end of the last ice age. Humans colonised it by travelling by sea some time before 6500&nbsp;BCE.<ref name="Brad8">{{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=Richard |title=The prehistory of Britain and Ireland |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84811-4 |page=8}}</ref> The first occupants were [[hunter-gatherer]]s and fishermen. Examples of their tools are kept at the [[Manx Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2012 |title=Hunter Gatherers – Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age) – 8000 BC to 4000 BC |publisher=Isle of Man government |url=http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/mesolithic/ |website=gov.im |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143121/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/mesolithic/ |archive-date=16 March 2012}}</ref>

The [[Neolithic Period]] marked the beginning of farming, and the people began to build [[Megalith|megalithic monuments]], such as [[Cashtal yn Ard]] in [[Maughold (parish)|Maughold parish]], [[King Orry's Grave]] in [[Laxey]], [[Mull Hill]] near [[Cregneash]] and Ballaharra Stones at [[St John's, Isle of Man|St John's]]. There were also the local [[Ronaldsway culture|Ronaldsway]] and [[Prehistoric Ireland|Bann cultures]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 November 2012 |title=First Farmers |url=http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/neolithic/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108050257/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/neolithic/ |archive-date=8 November 2012 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man government}}</ref>

During the [[Bronze Age]], the size of burial mounds decreased. The people put bodies into stone-lined graves with ornamental containers. The Bronze Age burial mounds survived as long-lasting markers around the countryside.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home – Manx National Heritage |url=http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/bronzeage/ |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man government |archive-date=30 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040630020453/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/bronzeage/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it ''{{lang|la|Insula Manavia}}.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Esmonde Cleary |first1=A. |last2=Warner |first2=R. |last3=Talbert |first3=R. |last4=Gillies |first4=S. |last5=Elliott |first5=T. |last6=Becker |first6=J. |title=Manavia Insula |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/89242 |access-date=26 February 2016 |website=Pleides |publisher=Pleiades |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106232831/https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/89242 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the four centuries when Rome ruled the Province of [[Roman Britain|Britannia]], the Roman military controlled the Irish Sea, providing safe passage of agricultural goods from the productive farms of [[Anglesey]] to Roman settlements at the English – Scottish frontier. Only a few Roman artefacts have been found on Man, suggesting a lack of strategic value of Man during the era of Britannia. No Roman lighthouses or signal towers have yet been found on Man.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/10,000_years_of_settlement_on_the_Isle_of_Man |title=10,000 years of settlement on the Isle of Man |first=Institute of Historic Building |last=Conservation |website=designingbuildings.co.uk |access-date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611080233/https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/10,000_years_of_settlement_on_the_Isle_of_Man |url-status=live }}</ref>

Around the 5th century CE, large-scale migration from Ireland precipitated a process of [[Gaelicisation]], evidenced by [[Ogham]] inscriptions, and the [[Manx language]] developed. It is a [[Goidelic languages|Goidelic language]] closely related to [[Irish language|Irish]] and [[Scottish Gaelic]].<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2012 |title=Celtic Farmers |url=http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/ironage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316143141/http://www.gov.im/mnh/collections/archaeology/ironage/ |archive-date=16 March 2012 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=gov.im |publisher=Isle of Man government}}</ref>

[[File:The Braaid - Isle of Man - kingsley - 21-APR-09.jpg|thumb|left|[[The Braaid]] in the central Isle of Man, with remnants of a Celtic-Norse [[Roundhouse (dwelling)|roundhouse]] and two [[longhouse]]s, {{circa|AD 650–950}}]]
In the 7th century, Man came under control of the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] King [[Edwin of Northumbria]], who then launched raids from Man into [[Ireland]]. How much influence the Northumbrians exerted on Man is unknown, but very few place names on Man are of [[Old English]] origin.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=A.W. |title=The Surnames & Place-Names of the Isle of Man |publisher=[[Elliot Stock]] |date=1890 |location=[[London]] |page=303}}</ref>

[[File:Kingdom of Mann and the Isles-en.svg|thumb|right|The [[Kingdom of the Isles]] about the year 1100]]
[[Vikings]] arrived at the end of the 8th century. They established [[Tynwald]] and introduced many land divisions that still exist. In 1266 [[Magnus VI of Norway|King Magnus VI of Norway]] ceded the islands to [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III, King of Scots]], in the [[Treaty of Perth]]. But Scottish rule over Man did not become firmly established until 1275, when the Manx were defeated in the [[Battle of Ronaldsway]], near [[Castletown, Isle of Man|Castletown]].

In 1290 King [[Edward I of England]] sent [[Walter de Huntercombe, 1st Baron Huntercombe|Walter de Huntercombe]] to take possession of Man. It remained in English hands until 1313, when [[Robert the Bruce]] took it after besieging [[Castle Rushen]] for five weeks.<ref>{{cite book |author=Joseph George Cumming |title=The Story Of Rushen Castle And Rushen Abbey, In The Isle Of Man |isbn=1165077590}}</ref> In 1314, it was retaken for the English by John Bacach of Argyll. In 1317, it was retaken for the Scots by [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray]] and Lord of the Isle of Man. It was held by the Scots until 1333. For some years thereafter control passed back and forth between the two kingdoms until the English took it for the final time in 1346.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barron |first=Evan MacLeod |title=The Scottish War of Independence |date=1997 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |page=411}}</ref> The English Crown delegated its rule of the island to a series of lords and magnates. [[Tynwald]] passed laws concerning the government of the island in all respects and had control over its finances, but was subject to the approval of the Lord of Mann.

In 1765, the [[Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765|Act of Revestment]] occurred, whereby the feudal rights of the [[Duke of Atholl|Dukes of Atholl]] as Lords of Man were purchased and revested into the British Crown.<ref>{{cite web |title=History Pages Isle of Man -Act of Revestment |url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/revest.htm |website=www.isle-of-man.com |access-date=9 September 2009 |archive-date=3 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903110725/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/history/revest.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1866, the Isle of Man obtained limited home rule, with partly democratic elections to the [[House of Keys]], but the [[Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|Legislative Council]] was appointed by the Crown. Since then, democratic government has been gradually extended. (The vote was extended to women on equal terms with men, and most of the Legislative Council is now elected by the House of Keys.)

During both World Wars, the island was used for the internment of people originating from enemy countries.<ref>[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Island-Barbed-Wire-Remarkable-Internment/dp/0709077548] Island of Barbed Wire</ref>

In recent times, the economy of the island has benefited from regulatory arbitrage in various contexts, such as low taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rates and allowances |url=https://www.gov.im/categories/tax-vat-and-your-money/income-tax-and-national-insurance/individuals/residents/rates-and-allowances/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=The Official Isle of Man Government Website}}</ref> These have attracted wealthy individuals and, together with relatively low government interference, industries such as offshore financial services and more recently gambling.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=Alex |date=March 25, 2024 |title=Conversation needed over e-gaming, campaigner says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cw5z6knx720o |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taxation: Council publishes an EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions |url=http://consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/12/05/taxation-council-publishes-an-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=European Council. Council of the European Union |archive-date=6 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206010502/http://consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/12/05/taxation-council-publishes-an-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

The Isle of Man has designated more than 250 historic sites as [[Registered Buildings of the Isle of Man|registered buildings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protected Buildings Register |url=https://pabc.gov.im/rbc/registered-buildings-and-conservation/protected-buildings-register/ |access-date=January 26, 2025 |website=Planning & Building Control, Isle of Man}}</ref>