Editing Inosine (section)

==Clinical significance==
Subsequent studies in humans suggest that inosine supplementation has no effect on athletic performance.<ref name="ISSN">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, Smith-Ryan A, Kleiner SM, Jäger R, Collins R, Cooke M, Davis JN, Galvan E, Greenwood M, Lowery LM, Wildman R, Antonio J, Kreider RB | display-authors = 6 | title = ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations | journal = Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 38 | date = August 2018 | pmid = 30068354 | pmc = 6090881 | doi = 10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y | doi-access = free }}</ref> Animal studies have suggested that inosine has neuroprotective properties. It has been proposed for spinal cord injury<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu F, You SW, Yao LP, Liu HL, Jiao XY, Shi M, Zhao QB, Ju G | display-authors = 6 | title = Secondary degeneration reduced by inosine after spinal cord injury in rats | journal = Spinal Cord | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | pages = 421–426 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16317421 | doi = 10.1038/sj.sc.3101878 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and for administration after [[stroke]], because observation suggests that inosine induces axonal rewiring.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen P, Goldberg DE, Kolb B, Lanser M, Benowitz LI | title = Inosine induces axonal rewiring and improves behavioral outcome after stroke | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 13 | pages = 9031–9036 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12084941 | pmc = 124418 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.132076299 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.9031C }}</ref>

After ingestion, inosine is metabolized into uric acid, which has been suggested to be a natural antioxidant and [[peroxynitrite]] scavenger with potential benefits to patients with [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/3468/uric_acid-peroxynitrite2-98.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027182321/http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/3468/uric_acid-peroxynitrite2-98.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-10-27 | title=Uric Acid In Multiple Sclerosis | date=2018 | publisher=WebCite}}</ref> Peroxynitrite has been correlated with axon degeneration <ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Neuhaus O, Hartung HO |title= Immune mediated injury, oxidative toxicity and excitotoxicity in multiple sclerosis. Possibilities for immune modulation and neuroprotection | url = http://www.fedem.org/revista/n17/neuhausing.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2006-04-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070311064406/http://www.fedem.org/revista/n17/neuhausing.htm |archive-date=2007-03-11}}</ref> In 2003, a study was initiated at the University of Pennsylvania MS Center to determine whether raising the levels of uric acid by the administration of inosine would slow the progression of MS.<ref>{{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT00067327|Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Over the Counter Inosine}}</ref> The study was completed in 2006 but the results were not reported to NIH. A subsequent publication hinted at potential benefits but the sample size (16 patients) was too small for a definitive conclusion. In addition, the side effect of the treatment was the development of kidney stones in four of 16 patients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Markowitz CE, Spitsin S, Zimmerman V, Jacobs D, Udupa JK, Hooper DC, Koprowski H | title = The treatment of multiple sclerosis with inosine | journal = Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 619–625 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19425822 | pmc = 3189001 | doi = 10.1089/acm.2008.0513 }}</ref>

With phase II trials for Parkinson's disease completed, inosine will continue to phase III trials. Earlier trials suggested that patients with the highest serum urate levels had slower progression of Parkinson's symptoms. The trial uses inosine to raise urate levels in those with levels lower than the population mean (6&nbsp;mg/dL).<ref>{{cite web|title=Safety of Urate Elevation in Parkinson's Disease|url=https://foxtrialfinder.michaeljfox.org/trial/468/|publisher= Fox Trial Finder | date=2018}}</ref><ref>{{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT00833690|Safety of Urate Elevation in Parkinson's Disease}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Kuhl MM |title=Inosine Trial Secures Phase III Funding to Study Effect on Slowing Parkinson's|url=https://www.michaeljfox.org/foundation/news-detail.php?inosine-trial-secures-phase-iii-funding-to-study-effect-on-slowing-parkinson | date = September 1, 2015 | publisher = Michael J. Fox Foundation }}</ref>

Alseres Pharmaceuticals (named Boston Life Sciences when patent was granted) patented the use of inosine to treat stroke<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Life Sciences Announces Issuance of Inosine Patent for Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury | date = November 17, 2003 |url= http://www.bostonlifesciences.com/news111.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050903104420/http://www.bostonlifesciences.com/news111.htm |archive-date=2005-09-03}}</ref> and was investigating the drug in the MS setting.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lou KJ | title = The inosine conundrum. | journal = Science-Business EXchange | volume = 2 | page = 1132 | date = 2009 | issue = 29 | doi = 10.1038/scibx.2009.1132 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In the [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System]], it is classified as an [[Antiviral drug|antiviral]].<ref name="urlATC/DDD Index">{{cite web |url=http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D06BB05 |title=ATC/DDD Index | publisher = World Health Organization Collaborating Centre |access-date=Dec 20, 2017}}</ref>