Editing Incapacitating agent (section)

===Early uses===
The use of chemicals to induce altered states of mind in an adversary dates back to antiquity and includes the use of plants of the [[Solanaceae|nightshade family (Solanaceae)]], such as the [[Datura stramonium|thornapple (''Datura stramonium'')]], that contain various combinations of [[anticholinergic alkaloid]]s. The use of nonlethal chemicals to render an enemy force incapable of fighting dates back to at least 600 B.C. when Solon's soldiers threw [[hellebore]] roots into streams supplying water to enemy troops, who then developed diarrhea.<ref>{{cite web |title=Incapacitating Agents |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/cw-incapacitating.htm |website=www.globalsecurity.org |access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> In 184 B.C., [[Hannibal]]'s army used [[Atropa belladonna|belladonna]] plants to induce disorientation,<ref>{{Citation|last1=Grey|first1=Michael R.|title=Chapter 10. A Brief History of Biological Weapons|date=2006|url=http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=2740045|work=The Bioterrorism Sourcebook|place=New York, NY|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies|access-date=2021-01-20|last2=Spaeth|first2=Kenneth R.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Grey|first1=Michael R.|title=Chapter 21. Introduction to Chemical Weapons|date=2006|url=http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=2742092|work=The Bioterrorism Sourcebook|place=New York, NY|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies|access-date=2021-01-20|last2=Spaeth|first2=Kenneth R.}}</ref> and the [[Bishop of Münster]] in A.D. 1672 attempted to use belladonna-containing grenades in an assault on the city of [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]].<ref>CBWInfo.com (2001). [http://www.cbwinfo.com/History/History.html A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons: Ancient Times to the 19th Century] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205051646/http://www.cbwinfo.com/History/History.html |date=2004-12-05 }}. Retrieved 27 October 2008.</ref>

In 1881, members of a French railway surveying expedition crossing [[Tuareg]] territory in North Africa ate dried dates that tribesmen had apparently deliberately contaminated with Egyptian henbane (''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamus muticus]]'', or ''H. falezlez''), to devastating effect.<ref name="DKetchum2012">{{cite book|author1=James S Ketchum M D|author2=James S. Ketchum|title=Chemical Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gugwlufvShoC&pg=PA14|date=October 2012|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=978-1-4772-7589-4|pages=14–}}</ref> In 1908, 200 French soldiers in [[Hanoi]] became delirious and experienced hallucinations after [[Hanoi Poison Plot|being poisoned with a related plant]]. More recently, accusations of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] use of incapacitating agents internally and in [[Afghanistan]] were never substantiated.