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==Heap game== '''Heap games''' are a [[Subclass_(set_theory)|subclass]] of impartial games that involve the [[disjunctive sum]] of various single-heap games. ''Single-heap positions'', or ''Ξ-heaps'' are games represented naturally by the [[Ordinal_number|ordinal]] amount of a heap of tokens, where players play according to a specific [[Game rule|ruleset]] on that single heap.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Siegel |first1=Aaron |title=Combinatorial Game Theory |date=20 November 2023 |publisher=American Mathematical Society |isbn=978-1-4704-7568-0}}</ref> Every option of a heap game must be representable as <math>H^{'}_{n} = H_{a_{1}} + H_{a_{2}} + H_{a_{3}} + ...</math>, where each <math>H^{a_{n}}</math> is another heap game. The [[nim]]-value of a game is represented as the nim-addition of each heap in a heap game. Examples include: * [[Octal games]] * [[Nim]] * [[Kayles]]
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