Editing Idiot (section)

== Disability and early classification and nomenclature==
In 19th- and early 20th-century medicine and psychology, an "idiot" was a person with a very profound [[intellectual disability]], being diagnosed with "idiocy". In the early 1900s, Dr. [[Henry H. Goddard]] proposed a classification system for intellectual disability based on the [[Binet-Simon scale|Binet-Simon]] concept of [[mental age]]. Individuals with the lowest mental age level (less than three years) were identified as ''idiots''; ''imbeciles'' had a mental age of three to seven years, and ''morons'' had a mental age of seven to ten years.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Zaretsky |first1=Herbert H. |last2=Richter |first2=Edwin F. |last3=Eisenberg |first3=Myron G. |title=Medical aspects of disability: a handbook for the rehabilitation professional |edition=third edition, illustrated |publisher=Springer Publishing Company |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8261-7973-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7TZGYRu-_Y4C&pg=PA346 346] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TZGYRu-_Y4C}}.</ref> The term "idiot" was used to refer to people having an IQ below 30{{citation needed|reason=just giving a number without the distribution has no meaning. What is the exact quote that support this very low number, what is the exact quote telling something about the distribution around 100. Is 30 two standard deviations from the mean, or is it three?|date=December 2016}}<ref>{{Citation |last=Rapley |first=Mark |title=The Social Construction of Intellectual Disability |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00529-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KdQS5Z_mGbQC&pg=PA32 32] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KdQS5Z_mGbQC}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Cruz |first1=Isagani A. |last2=Quaison |first2=Camilo D. |title=Correct Choice of Words' : English Grammar Series for Filipino Lawyers |edition=2003 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=978-971-23-3686-7 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=I2FnOYgu6IsC&pg=PA444 444–445] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2FnOYgu6IsC |year=2003}}.</ref> IQ, or [[intelligence quotient]], was originally determined by dividing a person's mental age, as determined by standardized tests, by their actual age. The concept of mental age has fallen into disfavor, though, and IQ is now determined on the basis of statistical distributions.<ref>{{cite book|author=Vibeke Grover Aukrust|title=Learning and Cognition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oE-3bZik8rQC|year=2011|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-381438-8|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oE-3bZik8rQC&pg=PA95 95–96]}}</ref>

In the obsolete medical classification ([[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems|ICD-9]], 1977), these people were said to have "profound [[intellectual disability|mental retardation]]" or "profound mental subnormality" with IQ under 20.<ref name="ICD9-1977">{{cite book |author=World Health Organization |author-link=World Health Organization |title=Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death |url=http://psychiatr.ru/download/1480?view=1&name=1336.pdf |location=Jeneva |page=213 |date=1977 |volume=1}}</ref>