Editing Ice cream (section)

===Early frozen desserts===
The origins of frozen desserts are obscure, although several accounts exist about their history. Some sources say the history of ice cream begins in [[Persia]] in 550 BC.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&q=sorbet+originated+in+persia&pg=PT593|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|date=2010-11-17|publisher=HMH|isbn=978-0-544-18631-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icecreamhistory.net/frozen-dessert-history/who-invented-ice-cream/|title=Who Invented Ice Cream? - Ice Cream Inventor|website=www.icecreamhistory.net|language=en|access-date=2018-08-31|quote=History of ice creams begun around 500 BCE in the Persian Empire where ice was used in combination with grape juices, fruits, and other flavors to produce very expensive and hard to produce summertime treats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJCVgTGfxf0C&q=earliest+ice+cream+persian+empire&pg=PT60|title=Book of Firsts|publisher=RW Press|isbn=9781909284296|language=en|quote=c. 550-330 BC, First mention of flavoured snow or ice : during the Persian Empire}}</ref> 
 
A [[Cookbook#History|Roman cookbook]] dating back to the 1st century includes recipes for sweet desserts that are sprinkled with snow,<ref name=rsc/> and there are Persian records from the 2nd century for sweetened drinks chilled with ice.<ref name=rsc/>

{{transliteration|ja|[[Kakigōri]]}} is a Japanese dessert made with ice and flavoured syrup. The origins of {{transliteration|ja|kakigōri}} date back to the [[Heian period]] in Japanese history, when blocks of ice saved during the colder months would be shaved and served with sweet syrup to the Japanese aristocracy during the summer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3023286/nice-ice-baby-whats-those-pricey-kakigori-shaved-ice-desserts|title=Nice ice, baby: what's in those pricier Japanese shaved ice desserts|date=18 August 2019|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522050531/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3023286/nice-ice-baby-whats-those-pricey-kakigori-shaved-ice-desserts|url-status=live}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Kakigōri}}'s origin is referred to in ''[[The Pillow Book]]'', a book of observations written by [[Sei Shōnagon]], who served the Imperial Court during the Heian period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Pillow_Book/|title=The Pillow Book|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413143109/https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Pillow_Book/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/09/26/news/natural-ice-becoming-popular-source-for-shaved-frozen-treat/|title=Natural ice becoming popular source for shaved frozen treat|first1=Nao|last1=Yako|date=26 September 2019|website=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|language=en-US|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817024609/https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/09/26/news/natural-ice-becoming-popular-source-for-shaved-frozen-treat/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The earliest known written process to artificially make ice is known not from culinary texts, but the 13th-century writings of Syrian historian [[Ibn Abi Usaybi'a]] in his book “Kitab Uyun al-anba fi tabaqat-al-atibba“ (Book of Sources of Information on the Classes of Physicians) concerning medicine in which Ibn Abi Usaybi'a attributes the process to an even older author, Ibn Bakhtawayhi, of whom nothing is known.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weir |first1=Caroline |last2=Weir |first2= Robin |title=Ice Creams, Sorbets & Gelati:The Definitive Guide |date=2010 |page=217}}</ref>

Ice cream production became easier with the discovery of the [[endothermic]] effect.<ref name=ocss>{{cite book |editor-last=Goldstein |editor-first=Darra |title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets |date=2015}}</ref> Prior to this, cream could be chilled easily but not frozen. The addition of salt lowered the melting point of ice, drawing heat from the cream and allowing it to freeze.