Editing Ibiza (section)

==History==
[[File:Anforas griegas ibiza.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ancient Greek [[Aryballos|aryballoi]] found in the necropolis of Puig des Molins. Museu de Puig des Molins, Ibiza]]
In 654 BC, [[Phoenicia]]n settlers [[Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement|founded a port on Ibiza]]. With the decline of Phoenicia after the [[Assyria]]n invasions, Ibiza came under the control of [[Carthage]], also a former Phoenician colony. The island produced dye, salt, fish sauce ([[garum]]) and wool.

A shrine with offerings to the goddess [[Tanit]] was established in the cave at Es Cuieram, and the rest of the Balearic Islands entered Eivissa's commercial orbit after 400 BC. Ibiza was a major trading post along the Mediterranean routes. Ibiza began establishing its own trading stations along the nearby Balearic island of [[Mallorca]] (Majorca), such as ''Na Guardis'', and "Na Galera" where numerous Balearic mercenaries hired on, no doubt as [[Balearic slinger|slingers]],{{efn|"The Rhodians, like the Baleares, were celebrated slingers." ({{langx|la|Iam cui Tlepolemus sator, et cui Lindus origo, Funda bella ferens Balearis et alite plumbo.}})<ref>Strab. xiv. p. 654; Plin. l. c. ''Sil. Ital.'' iii. 364, 365.</ref>}} to fight for Carthage.

During the [[Second Punic War]], the island was assaulted by the two Scipio brothers ([[Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 218 BC)|Publius]] and [[Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus|Gnaeus]]) in 217 BC but remained loyal to Carthage. With the Carthaginian military failing on the [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]] mainland, Ibiza was last used, 205 B.C, by the fleeing Carthaginian general Mago to gather supplies and men before sailing to [[Menorca]] and then to [[Liguria]]. Ibiza negotiated a favorable treaty (Foedus) with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]], which spared Ibiza from further destruction and allowed it to continue its Carthaginian-Punic institutions, traditions and even coinage well into the Empire days, when it became an official Roman municipality.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and a brief period of first [[Vandals|Vandal]] and then [[Byzantine]] rule, the island was conquered by the [[Muslims]] in 902. The few remaining locals converted to Islam and Berber settlers came in. Under Islamic rule, Ibiza (Yabisah) came in close contact with the city of [[Dénia]]—the closest port in the nearby Iberian peninsula, located in the [[Valencian Community]]—and the two areas were administered jointly by the [[Taifa of Dénia]] for some time (11th century).

[[File:Vista de Ibiza (18452101241).jpg|thumb|right|View of the Old Town in 1960]]
Ibiza, together with the islands of [[Formentera]] and [[Menorca]], were [[Battle of Ibiza (1109)|invaded]] by the [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[King of Norway|King]] [[Sigurd I of Norway]] in the spring of 1110 on [[Norwegian Crusade|his crusade]] to [[Jerusalem]]. The king had previously conquered the cities of [[Sintra]], [[Lisbon]] and [[Alcácer do Sal]] and given them over to [[Christianity|Christian]] rulers, in an effort to weaken the [[Islam|Muslim]] grip on the Iberian peninsula. King Sigurd continued to [[Sicily]] where he visited King [[Roger II of Sicily]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jakobsson|first=Ármann|date=2013-09-13|title=Image is Everything: The Morkinskinna Account of King Sigurðr of Norway's Journey to the Holy Land|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/520749|journal=Parergon|volume=30|issue=1|pages=121–140|doi=10.1353/pgn.2013.0016|s2cid=143449956|issn=1832-8334|access-date=3 January 2019|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725041502/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/520749|url-status=live}}</ref>

The island was [[Reconquista|conquered]] for the [[Crown of Aragon]] in 1235.<ref>Abulafia, David. ''The rise of Aragon-Catalonia''. na, 1999. pp. 5</ref> The local Muslim population was deported, as was the case with neighboring Mallorca and elsewhere, and Christians arrived from Girona. The island maintained its own self-government in several forms until 1715, when King [[Philip V of Spain]] abolished the local government's autonomy. The arrival of democracy in the late 1970s led to the [[Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands]]. Today, the island is part of the Balearic Autonomous Community, along with Mallorca, [[Menorca]] and [[Formentera]].

=== Development ===
[[File:Festival Club-Spain Ibiza-Andres Larin.jpg|thumb|right|Abandoned Festival Club lies in the hills above San José]]
Since the early days of mass tourism on the island, there have been a large number of development projects ranging from successful ventures, such as the super clubs at [[Space (Ibiza nightclub)|Space]] and [[Privilege Ibiza|Privilege]], to failed development projects, such as [[Josep Lluís Sert]]'s abandoned hotel complex at Cala D'en Serra,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibizaphoto.blogspot.com/2011/02/josep-lluis-serts-abandoned-hotel-at.html|title=Josep Lluís Sert's abandoned hotel at Cala D'en Serra.|first=Thomas G.|last=Clark|date=7 July 2011|access-date=29 June 2011|archive-date=18 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818062220/http://ibizaphoto.blogspot.com/2011/02/josep-lluis-serts-abandoned-hotel-at.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the half-completed and now demolished "Idea" nightclub in [[Sant Antoni de Portmany|Sant Antoni]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibizaphoto.blogspot.com/2011/05/discoteca-idea-san-antonio-ibiza.html|title=An abandoned Idea|first=Thomas G.|last=Clark|date=29 May 2011|access-date=29 June 2011|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322181821/http://ibizaphoto.blogspot.com/2011/05/discoteca-idea-san-antonio-ibiza.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ruins of a huge restaurant/nightclub in the hills near [[Sant Josep de sa Talaia|Sant Josep]] called "Festival Club" that only operated for three summer seasons in the early 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelntourism.org/europe/ibiza-party-events.html |title=Ibiza Party |publisher=TravelnTourism |access-date=2016-06-18 |archive-date=25 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625023135/http://www.travelntourism.org/europe/ibiza-party-events.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The transient nature of club-oriented tourism is most obvious in these ruins scattered all over the island. Local artist Irene de Andrès has tackled the difficult issue of the impact of mass tourism on the island local landscapes, both natural and cultural, in an ongoing project called "Donde nada ocurre" (Where nothing happens).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://irenedeandres.com/|title=Irene de Andrès website|date=24 December 2016|access-date=24 December 2016|archive-date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021075302/http://irenedeandres.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Ibiza property prices generally remained above market value, and many of the development projects on the island have now been completed or continue, as well as some new projects announced at the end of 2012. Since 2009, Ibiza has received an increase in the number of tourists every year, with nearly 6 million people travelling through [[Ibiza Airport]] in 2012. The summer season has become concentrated between June and September, focusing on the "clubbing calendar"<ref>{{cite news |title=Vakantie Ibiza 2017 " De beste tips voor op vakantie! |url=https://www.europa-vakanties.nl/spanje/ibiza/ |access-date=16 September 2018 |work=Europa Vakanties |date=4 January 2015 |language=nl-NL |archive-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202525/https://www.europa-vakanties.nl/spanje/ibiza/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which is currently booming. In recent years, the luxury market has dramatically improved, with new restaurants, clubs, and improvements to the marina in Ibiza Town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ibiza – a hedonist's paradise whatever your poison|url=http://www.ibizatraveller.com/lifestyle/hedonist-paradise/|publisher=Ibiza Traveller|access-date=6 July 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714132744/http://www.ibizatraveller.com/lifestyle/hedonist-paradise/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ibiza's increased popularity has led to problems with potable water shortages and overrun infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibicasa.com/en/articulo.php?id=399&edicion=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618104848/https://www.ibicasa.com/en/articulo.php?id=399&edicion=73 |archive-date=18 June 2021 |title=Ibiza's Water Shortage |first=Katherine |last=Berry |date=2015 |website=Ibicasa Magazine |access-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> This has led to the imposition of a "Sustainable Tourism Tax" which went into effect on 1 July 2016.<ref name="pulse">{{cite web|last1=Shortlidge|first1=Chadler|title=Ibiza "Cannot Support Much More Increase in Tourism" Says Govt|url=http://pulseradio.net/articles/2016/07/ibiza-government-the-island-can-t-handle-more-tourists|website=Pulse|access-date=23 July 2016|date=17 July 2016|archive-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721084935/http://pulseradio.net/articles/2016/07/ibiza-government-the-island-can-t-handle-more-tourists|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minister of Tourism Vincente Torres stated in an interview in 2016 that the government has instituted a moratorium on building in certain areas. He said that with almost 100,000 legal tourist beds and about 132,000 inhabitants on the island's {{convert|572|km2}}, not much more tourism can be supported.<ref name="pulse" />