Editing Hyderabad (section)

=== Toponymy ===
<!-- Some books in this section do not have "ISBN". For those references, URL links are available. Because multiple scholars claim different names of the city during the same period, it's better to update sources. -->

The name ''Hyderabad'' means "Haydar's City" or "Lion City", from ''[[Haydar]]'' 'lion' and ''[[-abad|ābād]]'' 'city', after [[Caliph]] [[Ali Ibn Abi Talib]], also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battle.<ref name="Everett-Heath2005">{{cite book |title=Concise dictionary of world place names |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=223 |isbn=978-0-19-860537-9 |last=Everett-Heath |first=John |year=2005}}</ref> The city was originally called ''Baghnagar'' (city of gardens).<ref name="AnPet">{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Islamic architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr |url-access=registration |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/112 112] |isbn=978-0-415-06084-4 |last=Petersen |first=Andrew |year=1996 |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Holister">{{cite book |title=The Shia of India |url=https://insideismailism.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/shia-of-india-1953-john-norman-hollister_txt.pdf |publisher=Luzac and company limited |last=Holister |first=John Norman |pages=120–125 |year=1953 |access-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010135146/https://insideismailism.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/shia-of-india-1953-john-norman-hollister_txt.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The European travellers [[Heinrich von Poser|von Poser]] and [[Jean de Thévenot|Thévenot]] found both names in use in the 17th century.<ref name="Lach&Kley">{{cite book |title=Asia in the Making of Europe |volume=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=? |isbn=978-0-226-46768-9 |last1=Lach |first1=Donald F |last2=Kley |first2=Edwin J. Van |year=1993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303193015/https://books.google.com/books?id=YPPiumz4vx0C& |archive-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="TH-Hyd name">{{cite news |title=The city of love: Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-city-of-love-Hyderabad/article15474440.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207155308/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-city-of-love-Hyderabad/article15474440.ece |archive-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="McCann(1994)">{{cite book |title=Rights at work: pay equity reform and the politics of legal mobilization |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-55571-3 |last=McCann |first=Michael W. |year=1994}}</ref>{{rp|6}} 

A popular legend suggests that the founder of the city, [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], named it ''Bhagya-nagar'' ("fortunate city")<ref name="Bernier">{{Cite book |first=Francois |last=Bernier |title=Travels in the Mogul Empire, 1656–1668 |publisher=Archibald Constable |year=1891 |edition=1st |location=London |page=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinmogulem00bernuoft/page/18/mode/2up}}</ref> after [[Bhagmati]], a local ''[[nautch]]'' (dancing girl) whom he married. She converted to [[Islam]] and adopted the title ''Hyder Mahal'', the city being subsequently named ''Hyderabad'' in her honour.<ref name="McCann(1994)" />{{rp|6}}<ref name="Hyderabad_and_Bhagmati">{{cite book |title=The march of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5AhAQAAMAAJ |access-date=7 January 2013 |year=1959 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |page=89 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103024703/http://books.google.com/books?id=d5AhAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=3 January 2014}}
* {{cite book |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages=14–15 |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |last=Khan |first=Masud Ḥusain |year=1996}}
* {{cite book |title=With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in south India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=6 |isbn=978-0-226-70755-6 |last=Reddy |first=Gayatri |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |title=The colors of violence: cultural identities, religion, and conflict |url=https://archive.org/details/colorsofviolence00kaka |url-access=registration |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/colorsofviolence00kaka/page/23 23] |isbn=978-0-226-42284-8 |last=Kakar |first=Sudhir |year=1996}}</ref>

In the year 1597, Hyderabad gained the [[epithet]] ''Farkhunda Bunyad'' ({{Literal translation|Of Auspicious Foundation}}). Following the [[Siege of Golconda|Mughal conquest of Hyderabad]], emperor [[Aurangzeb]] changed the epithet to ''Dar-ul-Jihad'' ({{Literal translation|Abode of Holy War}}), a title which appears on coins minted in the city during the reigns of Aurangzeb and [[Kam Bakhsh]]. The later Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam I|Shah Alam]] returned the city to its older epithet of ''Farkhunda Bunyad'', and consequently Mughal coins of Shah Alam and [[Muhammad Shah]] feature this title as the city's mint-name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bilgrami |first=Syed Ali Asgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgo97XF0XuYC |title=Landmarks of the Deccan |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1992 |isbn=8120605438 |pages=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Robert Pilkington |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rjYaAAAAIAAJ |title=The Dominions, Emblems, and Coins of the South Indian Dynasties |date=1913 |publisher=Harrison |pages=86–87 |language=en}}</ref>