Editing Hutchinson County, Texas (section)

===Native Americans===
Artifacts of the Antelope Creek Indian culture abound along the [[Canadian River]] valley in Hutchinson County. Archaeologists have found {{convert|1300|acre|km2}} of Alibates flint in the area that was used as a quarry for shaping flint tools. Nomadic [[Plains Apache]] also camped in this area, as did [[Comanche]], [[Arapaho]], [[Kiowa]], and [[Cheyenne]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kirkwood|first=Scott|title=Rock of Ages |journal=National Parks Magazine|year=2006|volume=Fall}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alibates Flint Quarry|url=http://www.nps.gov/alfl/index.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=December 14, 2010}}</ref>

Bent, St. Vrain and Company established a trading post in this area to tap into Indian trading. Known as Fort Adobe, it was blown up by traders three years later due to Indian [[Raid (military)|depredations]]. The ruins became known as Adobe Walls.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rathjen|first=Frederick W|title=Texas Panhandle Frontier|year=1998|publisher=Texas Tech University Press|isbn=978-0-89672-399-3|pages=74–75}}</ref>

The [[First Battle of Adobe Walls]] took place in 1864 when General [[James H. Carleton]] sent Colonel [[Kit Carson]] into the area to avenge for repeated Indian attacks. Carson and several hundred cavalry soldiers were greatly outnumbered by Kiowa and Comanche and forced to retreat. The [[Second Battle of Adobe Walls]] took place in 1874. A group of buffalo hunters attempted a revitalization of Fort Adobe. The Comanches, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa saw the fort and the decimation of the buffalo herd as a threat to their existence. Comanche medicine man [[Isa-tai]] prophesied a victory and immunity to the white man's bullets in battle.  [[Quanah Parker]] lead several hundred in a raid on the fort. The buffalo hunters were able to force the Indians into retreat.<ref>{{cite book|last=Keenan|first=Jerry|title=Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars 1492–1890|year=1999|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-31915-6|pages=2, 3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Red River War of 1874|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver/|work=Texas Beyond History|publisher=UT-Austin|access-date=December 14, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418090212/http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver/|archive-date=April 18, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>