Editing Humayun (section)

==Early reign==
[[File:1508-Babur celebrates the birth of Humayun in the Chahar Bagh of Kabul.jpg|thumb|[[Babur]] celebrates the birth of Humayun in the [[Charbagh]] of [[Kabul]].]]
When Humayun came to the throne of the [[Mughal Empire]], several of his brothers revolted against him after he split the empire among them. Another brother, [[Hindal Mirza]], supported Humayun but was assassinated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saifi |first=Tanish |date=2023-01-15 |title=Top Interesting Facts about Humayun - TS HISTORICAL |url=https://tshistorical.com/top-interesting-facts-about-humayun/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Emperor commenced construction of a tomb for his brother, but this was not yet finished when he was forced to flee to Persia. [[Sher Shah Suri]] destroyed the structure and no further work was done on it after Humayun's restoration.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Humayun had two major rivals for his lands: [[Sultan Bahadur]] of Gujarat to the southwest and [[Sher Shah Suri]] (Sher Khan) settled along the [[river Ganges]] in [[Bihar]] to the east. Humayun's first campaign was to confront Sher Shah Suri. Halfway through this offensive, Humayun had to abandon it to focus on Gujarat, where a threat from Ahmed Shah had emerged. Humayun was victorious annexing [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Champaner]] and the great fort of [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]].<ref name="Keay">{{cite book |last1=Keay |first1=John |title=India : A History |date=2000 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London |isbn=0002557177 |page=298}}</ref>

During the first five years of Humayun's reign, Bahadur and Sher Khan extended their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure in the east from sporadic conflicts with the [[Portugal|Portuguese]].{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

In 1535 Humayun was made aware that the Sultan of Gujarat was planning an assault on the Mughal territories in Bayana with Portuguese aid. Humayun gathered an army and marched on Bahadur. Within a month he had captured the forts of Mandu and Champaner. However, instead of pressing his attack, Humayun ceased the campaign and consolidated his newly conquered territory. Sultan Bahadur, meanwhile escaped and took up refuge with the Portuguese.<ref name="Banerji1938">{{harvnb|Banerji|1938}}</ref> Like his father, Humayun was a frequent user of opium.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Honchell |first=Stephanie |date=August 2010 |title=Pursuing pleasure, attaining oblivion: the roles and uses of intoxicants at the Mughal court |type=M.A. |publisher=University of Louisville |doi=10.18297/etd/628 |url=https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1627&context=etd |access-date=9 September 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In a popular revolt Bahadur Shah recaptured all of Gujarat in 1536 and began an attack on Malwa.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMWSQuf4oSIC&dq=tatar+khan+lodi+bahadur+shah&pg=RA2-PA24 |title=History of Medieval India |page=25 |author=V. D. Mahajan |date=2007|publisher=S. Chand |isbn=9788121903646 }}</ref>