Editing Humanitarianism (section)

==Historical examples and periodization==
Humanitarianism was publicly seen in the social reforms of the late 1800s and early 1900s, following the economic turmoil of the [[Industrial Revolution]] in England. Many of the women in [[Great Britain]] who were involved with [[feminism]] during the 1900s also pushed humanitarianism. The atrocious hours and working conditions of children and unskilled laborers were made illegal by pressure on Parliament by humanitarians. The [[Factory Act 1833]] and the [[Factory Act 1844]] were some of the most significant humanitarian bills passed in [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] following the Industrial Revolution.

In the middle of the 19th century, humanitarianism was central to the work of [[Florence Nightingale]] and [[Henry Dunant]] in emergency response and in the latter case led to the founding of the [[Red Cross]].

The [[Humanitarian League]] (1891–1919) was an English advocacy group, formed by [[Henry S. Salt]], which sought to advance the humanitarian cause.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weinbren|first=Dan|date=1994|title=Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919|journal=History Workshop|issue=38|pages=86–105|issn=0309-2984|jstor=4289320}}</ref>

Various suggestions of distinct periods of humanitarianism exist, drawing either on [[Geopolitics|geopolitical]] or [[Socioeconomics|socioeconomic]] factors that determine humanitarian action. The first approach is exemplified by [[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]]'s proposition to distinguish ages of "imperial humanitarianism" (late 19th century to 1945), "neo-humanitarianism" (1945–1989), and "liberal humanitarianism" (post-1990).<ref name="Barnett2011" /> [[:de:Norbert Götz|Norbert Götz]], Georgina Brewis, and Steffen Werther are advocates of the socioeconomic and cultural approach, arguing that there have been ages of "ad hoc humanitarianism" (up to {{circa|1900}}), "organized humanitarianism" ({{circa|1900}}–1970), and "expressive humanitarianism" (since 1970). They suggest we might currently be entering "a novel kind of defensive humanitarianism with roots in the expressive age, with automated interfaces, and with thick 'firewalls' between donors and recipients."<ref name="GotzBrewisWerther2020"/>{{rp|page=307}} However, a neat separation between donor and recipient is conventionally difficult to draw. The employment of 'local staff', the active call for help from people in need and the surge in local humanitarian organizations all suggest the intimate relation between donor and recipient.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feldman |first=Ilana |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1043049820 |title=Life lived in relief : humanitarian predicaments and Palestinian refugee politics |date=2018 |isbn=978-0-520-97128-8 |location=Oakland, California |pages=196 |oclc=1043049820}}</ref>