Editing Human intelligence (section)

== Correlates ==
As a construct and as measured by [[#Measuring|intelligence tests]], intelligence is one of the most useful concepts in [[psychology]], because it correlates with many relevant variables, for instance the probability of suffering an accident, or the amount of one's salary.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Triglia|first1=Adrián|first2=Bertrand|last2=Regader|first3=Jonathan|last3=García-Allen|year=2018|title=¿Qué es la inteligencia? Del CI a las inteligencias múltiples|location=Barcelona|publisher=EMSE EDAPP}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}}</ref> Other examples include:

; Education:
{{further|Intelligence and education}}
According to a 2018 [[metastudy]] of educational effects on intelligence, education appears to be the "most consistent, robust, and durable method" known for raising intelligence.<ref>{{cite journal
| author-last1  = Ritchie
| author-first1 = Stuart J.
| author-last2  = Tucker-Drob
| author-first2 = Elliot M.
| journal       = [[Psychological Science (journal)|Psychological Science]]
| title         = How Much Does Education Improve Intelligence? A Meta-Analysis.
| volume        = 28
| issue         = 8
| pages         = 1358–1369
| date          = 2018-06-18
| url           = https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/how-much-does-education-improve-intelligence-a-metaanalysis(57ce8841-09bd-4f26-85e9-2a440f4b7f37).html
| doi           = 10.1177/0956797618774253
| pmid          = 29911926| pmc = 6088505
}}</ref>

; Personality: A landmark set of meta-analyses synthesizing thousands of studies including millions of people from over 50 countries found that many personality traits are intricately related to cognitive abilities. Neuroticism-related traits display the most negative relations, whereas traits like activity, industriousness, compassion, and openness are positively related to various abilities.<ref>{{Cite journal 
|last1=Stanek |first1=Kevin C. 
|last2=Ones |first2=Deniz S. 
|date=2023-06-06 
|title=Meta-analytic relations between personality and cognitive ability 
|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 
|language=en 
|volume=120 
|issue=23 
|pages=e2212794120 
|doi=10.1073/pnas.2212794120 
|doi-access=free 
|issn=0027-8424 
|pmc=10266031 
|pmid=37252971
|bibcode=2023PNAS..12012794S 
}}</ref>

; Myopia: A number of studies have shown [[Myopia#Correlations|a correlation between]] [[IQ]] and [[myopia]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNT577S8uywC&pg=PA24 |title=Myopia and nearwork |last1=Rosenfield |first1=Mark |last2=Gilmartin |first2=Bernard |page=23 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7506-3784-8 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Some suggest that the reason for the correlation is environmental: either people with a higher IQ are more likely to damage their eyesight with prolonged reading, or people who read more are more likely to attain a higher IQ; others contend that a genetic link exists.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| pmid = 19127804 
| last1 = Czepita | first1 = D. 
| last2 = Lodygowska | first2 = E. 
| last3 = Czepita | first3 = M. 
| title = Are children with myopia more intelligent? A literature review 
| journal = Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 
| volume = 54 
| issue = 1 
| pages = 13–16; discussion 16 
| year = 2008
}}</ref>

; Aging: There is evidence that aging causes a decline in cognitive functions. In one cross-sectional study, various cognitive functions measured declines by about 0.8 in [[z-score]] from age 20 to age 50; the cognitive functions included speed of processing, working memory, and long-term memory.<ref>{{cite journal
|url=https://www.dialogues-cns.org/contents-15-1/dialoguesclinneurosci-15-109/
|title=The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training
|access-date=24 November 2017
|first1=Denise C. |last1=Park
|first2=Gérard N. |last2=Bischof
|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|date=2013
|volume=15
|issue=1
|pages=109–119
|doi=10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.1/dpark
|pmid=23576894
|pmc=3622463
|archive-date=8 November 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025820/https://www.dialogues-cns.org/contents-15-1/dialoguesclinneurosci-15-109/
|url-status=usurped
}}</ref>

; Genes: A number of [[single-nucleotide polymorphism]]s in human [[DNA]] are correlated with higher IQ scores.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{Cite journal|last1=Sniekers|first1=Suzanne|last2=Stringer|first2=Sven|last3=Posthuma|first3=Danielle|date=22 May 2017|title=Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence|url= |journal=Nature Genetics|volume=49|issue=7|pages=1107–1112|doi=10.1038/ng.3869|pmid=28530673|pmc=5665562}}
|2={{Cite journal|date=25 May 2017|title=Intelligence research should not be held back by its past|journal=Nature|volume=545|issue=7655|pages=385–386|doi=10.1038/nature.2017.22021|pmid=28541341|bibcode=2017Natur.545R.385.|s2cid=4449918|doi-access=free}} }}</ref>

; Motivation: Motivation is a factor that influences the results of the IQ test. People with higher motivation tend to obtain higher IQ scores.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Role of test motivation in intelligence testing|year=2011|pmc=3093513|last1=Duckworth|first1=A. L.|last2=Quinn|first2=P. D.|last3=Lynam|first3=D. R.|last4=Loeber|first4=R.|last5=Stouthamer-Loeber|first5=M.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=108|issue=19|pages=7716–7720|doi=10.1073/pnas.1018601108|pmid=21518867|bibcode=2011PNAS..108.7716D|doi-access=free}}</ref>