Editing Humacao, Puerto Rico (section)

==Geography==
Humacao is located in the southeast coast of [[Puerto Rico]]. It is bordered by the municipalities of [[Naguabo, Puerto Rico|Naguabo]] to the north, [[Yabucoa, Puerto Rico|Yabucoa]] to the south, and [[Las Piedras, Puerto Rico|Las Piedras]] to the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the city in the east. Humacao is located in the region of the Eastern Coastal Plains, with most of its territory being flat. There are minor elevations to the southwest, like Candelero Hill, and northwest, like Mabú. Humacao's territory covers 45 square miles (117&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="linktopr" /> Two islands belong to Humacao: [[Cayo Santiago]] and [[Cayo Batata]].<ref name="PR_Ency">{{cite web|url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/humacao-municipality/|title=Humacao Municipality|publisher=Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH)|website=enciclopediapr.org|access-date=March 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502054513/https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/humacao-municipality/|archive-date=May 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Water features===
Humacao's hydrographic system consists of many rivers and creeks like [[Humacao River|Humacao]], [[Anton Ruiz River|Antón Ruíz]], and [[Candelero River|Candelero]]. Some of its creeks are Frontera, Mariana, and Del Obispo, among many others.<ref name="linktopr" />

In 2019, updated flood zone maps show that Humacao is extremely vulnerable to flooding, along with [[Toa Baja, Puerto Rico|Toa Baja]], [[Rincón, Puerto Rico|Rincón]], [[Barceloneta, Puerto Rico|Barceloneta]], and [[Corozal, Puerto Rico|Corozal]]. Located where most cyclones enter the island, Humacao is one of the most vulnerable areas of Puerto Rico.<ref name="León_END_Flood_Zones">{{cite web |last1=Alvarado León |first1=Gerardo E. |title=Sobre 250,000 estructuras están en zonas inundables |url=https://jp.pr.gov/Portals/0/Noticias/Nuevo%20d%C3%ADa%20-%20Zonas%20Inundables%20%205.22.19.pdf?ver=2019-05-22-172159-483 |website=Junta de Planificación – Gobierno de Puerto Rico |publisher=El Nuevo Día |access-date=July 3, 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613133412/http://jp.pr.gov/Portals/0/Noticias/Nuevo%20d%C3%ADa%20-%20Zonas%20Inundables%20%205.22.19.pdf?ver=2019-05-22-172159-483 |archive-date=June 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Humacao was working on flood mitigation plans and shared that its barrios located on the coast; [[Antón Ruíz]], [[Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Punta Santiago]], [[Río Abajo, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Río Abajo]], [[Buena Vista, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Buena Vista]] and [[Candelero Abajo]] barrios, are extremely vulnerable to flooding and destruction.<ref name="Quintana_END_Mitigation">{{cite web |last1=Solano Quintana |first1=Bárbara |title=Piden participación ciudadana para revisión del plan de mitigación de Humacao |url=https://jp.pr.gov/Portals/0/Prensa/Noticias/Plan%20de%20Mitigacion-05022019040248.pdf?ver=2019-05-03-140022-567 |via=Junta de Planificación Gobierno de Puerto Rico |newspaper=El Nuevo Día |access-date=July 3, 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613154623/http://jp.pr.gov/Portals/0/Prensa/Noticias/Plan%20de%20Mitigacion-05022019040248.pdf?ver=2019-05-03-140022-567 |archive-date=June 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Barrios ===
[[File:Humacao, Puerto Rico locator map.png|thumb|Humacao map with barrio subdivisions|left]]
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Humacao is subdivided into [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|barrios]]. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as {{lang|es|"el pueblo"}}, near the center of the municipality.<ref name="Pico_1969">{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. |date=1969 |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969 |access-date=December 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226171916/https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|access-date=December 25, 2018|date=May 20, 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}}</ref><ref name="US2010Census" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/humacao.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/humacao.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2018 |title=Map of Humacao at the Wayback Machine|access-date=December 29, 2018 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
#[[Antón Ruíz]] 
#[[Buena Vista, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Buena Vista]]
#[[Candelero Abajo]]
#[[Candelero Arriba]]
#[[Cataño, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Cataño]]
#[[Collores, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Collores]]
#[[Humacao barrio-pueblo]]
#[[Mabú]]
#[[Mambiche]]
#[[Mariana, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Mariana]]
#[[Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Punta Santiago]]
#[[Río Abajo, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Río Abajo]]
#[[Tejas, Humacao, Puerto Rico|Tejas]]
{{div col end}}

===Sectors===
Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to [[minor civil divisions]])<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo">{{cite web |title=US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |website=factfinder.com |publisher=US Census |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513190743/https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |archive-date=May 13, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and subbarrios,<ref name="Census map">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Humacao Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_spanish/c72069_humacao/PL10VTDSP_C72069_001.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822220028/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_spanish/c72069_humacao/PL10VTDSP_C72069_001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> are further subdivided into smaller areas called {{lang|es|sectores}} (''sectors'' in English). The types of ''sectores'' may vary, from normally ''sector'' to ''urbanización'' to ''reparto'' to ''barriada'' to ''residencial'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|title=Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)|website=Puerto Rico Budgets|language=es|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628234856/http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia | title=El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 | publication-date=2014 | publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón | edition=first | isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0 }}</ref><ref name="Law 1-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|title=Leyes del 2001|website=Lex Juris Puerto Rico|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=September 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914224408/http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Special Communities===
{{See also|Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development}}
{{lang|es|Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico}} (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of [[social exclusion]]. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Humacao: Antón Ruiz, Obrera neighborhood, Cotto Mabú-Fermina, Buena Vista, Parcelas Aniseto Cruz in Candelero Abajo, Parcelas Martínez in Candelero Abajo, Cataño, Punta Santiago, Verde Mar, and Cangrejos.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia|title=El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004|publication-date=2014| publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón| edition=Primera edición|page=273|isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0}}</ref><ref name="wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|title=Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico|date=August 8, 2011|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624004414/https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|archive-date=June 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>