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==Career== {{multiple image | direction = vertical | image1 = Hugh Masekela (1390856678).jpg | caption1 = | width1 = 250 | image2 = Hugh Masekela (1389962687).jpg | caption2 = | width2 = 250 | footer =Masekela in [[Washington, D.C.]], 2007 }} At the end of 1959, [[Dollar Brand]] (later known as [[Abdullah Ibrahim]]), [[Kippie Moeketsi]], [[Makhaya Ntshoko]], [[Jonas Gwangwa]], Johnny Gertze and Hugh formed the [[Jazz Epistles]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-complete-recordings-feat-hugh-masekela-dollar-brand/872610789|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070648/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-complete-recordings-feat-hugh-masekela-dollar-brand/872610789|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2018|title=The Complete Recordings (feat. Hugh Masekela & Dollar Brand) by The Jazz Epistles on Apple Music|date=1 January 2014|website=[[iTunes]]|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> the first African jazz group to record an [[LP album|LP]]. They performed to record-breaking audiences in [[Johannesburg]] and [[Cape Town]] through late 1959 to early 1960.<ref name="NYT"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfjazz.org/tickets/productions/jazz-epistles/?performanceNumber=10071|title=Jazz Epistles w/ Abdullah Ibrahim, Wadada Leo Smith & Ekaya|website=Sfjazz.org|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Following the 21 March 1960 [[Sharpeville massacre]]—where 69 protestors were shot dead in [[Sharpeville]], and the South African government banned gatherings of ten or more people—and the increased brutality of the Apartheid state, Masekela left the country. He was helped by [[Trevor Huddleston]] and international friends such as [[Yehudi Menuhin]] and [[John Dankworth]], who got him admitted into London's [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama|Guildhall School of Music]] in 1960.<ref name=times>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/hugh-masekela-obituary-qnhgmqt33|title=Hugh Masekela|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018|website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> During that period, Masekela visited the United States, where he was befriended by [[Harry Belafonte]].<ref name=indy>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/hugh-masekela-dead-death-music-jazz-latest-news-life-career-apartheid-south-africa-a8173406.html|title=South African jazz legend and apartheid activist Hugh Masekela dies|first=Maya|last= Oppenheim|date=23 January 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> After securing a scholarship back in London,<ref name="NYT"/> Masekela moved to the United States to attend the [[Manhattan School of Music]] in New York, where he studied classical trumpet from 1960 to 1964.<ref name=guardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jan/23/hugh-masekela-obituary|title=Hugh Masekela obituary: South African jazz pioneer who fought the evil of apartheid|first=Robin|last=Denselow|date=23 January 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> In 1964, [[Miriam Makeba]] and Masekela were married, divorcing two years later.<ref name=guardian/> He had hits in the US with the pop jazz tunes "[[Up, Up and Away (song)|Up, Up and Away]]" (1967) and the number-one smash "[[Grazing in the Grass]]" (1968), which sold four million copies.<ref>[[Scott Yanow|Yanow]], Scott. ''Trumpet Kings: The Players Who Shaped the Sound of Jazz Trumpet'', Backbeat Books (2001), p. 248. {{ISBN|0-87930-608-4}}</ref> He also appeared at the [[Monterey Pop Festival]] in 1967, and was subsequently featured in the film ''[[Monterey Pop]]'' by [[D. A. Pennebaker]] and mentioned in the song ''[[Monterey (Eric Burdon and the Animals song)|Monterey]]'' by Eric Burdon & the Animals. In 1974, Masekela and friend [[Stewart Levine]] organised the [[Zaire 74]] music festival in [[Kinshasa]] set around [[the Rumble in the Jungle]] boxing match.<ref name=npr>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/06/14/532636128/before-the-rumble-in-the-jungle-music-rang-out-at-zaire-74|title=Before The Rumble In The Jungle, Music Rang Out At Zaire 74|first=Sam|last=Gringlas|author2=Ari Shapiro|website=NPR|date=14 June 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> He played primarily in jazz ensembles, with guest appearances on recordings by [[the Byrds]] ("[[So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star]]" and "[[Lady Friend (song)|Lady Friend]]") (the latter being denied by [[David Crosby]]) and [[Paul Simon]] ("Further to Fly"). In 1984, Masekela released the album ''Techno Bush''; from that album, a single entitled "Don't Go Lose It Baby" peaked at number two for two weeks on the dance charts.<ref>{{cite book |title= Hot Dance/Disco: 1974–2003|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=168}}</ref> In 1987, he had a hit single with "[[Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)|Bring Him Back Home]]". The song became enormously popular, and turned into an unofficial anthem of the [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|anti-apartheid movement]] and an anthem for the movement to free [[Nelson Mandela]].<ref name="Slate 2013">{{cite web|last1=Haglund|first1=David|title=It Is Music and Dancing That Makes Me at Peace With the World|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2013/12/05/nelson_mandela_songs_free_mandela_tributes_from_the_specials_johnny_clegg.html|website=Slate.com|date=5 December 2013|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Greenwald 2015">{{cite web|last1=Greenwald|first1=Matthew|title=Hugh Masekela Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/bring-him-back-home-nelson-mandela-mt0010490700|website=AllMusic|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref> A renewed interest in his African roots led Masekela to collaborate with [[Music of West Africa|West]] and Central African musicians, and finally to reconnect with Southern African players when he set up with the help of Jive Records a mobile studio in [[Botswana]], just over the South African border, from 1980 to 1984. Here he re-absorbed and re-used [[mbaqanga]] strains, a style he continued to use following his return to South Africa in the early 1990s.<ref name=washington>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/hugh-masekela-south-african-trumpeter-and-a-leading-voice-in-the-anti-apartheid-movement-dies-at-78/2018/01/23/3181306a-0032-11e8-9d31-d72cf78dbeee_story.html|title=Hugh Masekela, South African trumpeter and a leading voice in the anti-apartheid movement, dies at 78|first=Harrison|last=Smith|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018|website=W.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> In 1985 Masekela founded the Botswana International School of Music (BISM), which held its first workshop in [[Gaborone]] in that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfcv.org/article/after-apartheid-his-music-brings-us-together|title=After Apartheid, His Music Brings Us Together|website=Sfcv.org|first=Jeff|last=Kaliss |date= 8 March 2011| access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/biography-hugh-masekela-fardin-rahman|title=Biography of Hugh Masekela |first=Fardin |last=Rahman|date=17 January 2017|website=Sahistory.org.za|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> The event, still in existence, continues as the annual Botswana Music Camp, giving local musicians of all ages and from all backgrounds the opportunity to play and perform together. Masekela taught the jazz course at the first workshop, and performed at the final concert.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=7&aid=21&dir=2009/September/Friday4/|title=Mmegi Online :: Botswana Music Camp slated for December|first=Gasebalwe|last=Seretse|website=Mmegi.bw|date=4 September 2009|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thoughtsfrombotswana.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/music-camp-day-2.html|title=Music Camp Day 2|website=thoughtsfrombotswana.blogspot.co.uk|date=10 December 2008| access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/22919/03back.pdf?sequence=4 |title=Sources |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Also in the 1980s, Masekela toured with [[Paul Simon]] in support of Simon's album ''[[Graceland (album)|Graceland]]'', which featured other South African artists such as [[Ladysmith Black Mambazo]], Miriam Makeba, [[Ray Phiri]], and other elements of the band [[Kalahari (band)|Kalahari]], which was co-founded by guitarist [[Banjo Mosele]] and which backed Masekela in the 1980s.<ref name="NME Rock 'N' Roll Years">{{cite book | first= John | last= Tobler | year= 1992 | title= NME Rock 'N' Roll Years | edition= 1st | publisher= Reed International Books Ltd | location= London | page= 427 | id= CN 5585}}</ref> As well as recording with Kalahari,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Hugh-Masekela-With-Kalahari-Tomorrow/release/2964801|title=Hugh Masekela With Kalahari – Tomorrow |website=Discogs.com|year=1987 |access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> he also collaborated in the musical development for the Broadway play ''[[Sarafina! (musical)|Sarafina!]]'', which premiered in 1988.<ref name=last>{{cite web|url=https://www.last.fm/music/Hugh+Masekela/+wiki|title=Hugh Masekela|publisher=last.fm |access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/shows/backstage.php?showid=2943|title=Sarafina! Production History|website=[[Broadway World]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> In 2003, he was featured in the documentary film ''[[Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony]]''. In 2004, he released his autobiography, ''[[Still Grazing]]: The Musical Journey of Hugh Masekela'', co-authored with journalist D. Michael Cheers,<ref>Masekela, Hugh. ''Still Grazing: The Musical Journey of Hugh Masekela'', Crown Publishers (2004), {{ISBN|0-609-60957-2}}.</ref> which detailed Masekela's struggles against apartheid in his homeland, as well as his personal struggles with alcoholism from the late 1970s to the 1990s. In this period, he migrated, in his personal recording career, to [[mbaqanga]], jazz/[[funk]], and the blending of South African sounds, through two albums he recorded with [[Herb Alpert]], and solo recordings, ''[[Techno-Bush]]'' (recorded in his studio in Botswana), ''[[Tomorrow (Hugh Masekela album)|Tomorrow]]'' (featuring the anthem "Bring Him Back Home"), ''Uptownship'' (a lush-sounding ode to American R&B), ''Beatin' Aroun de Bush'', ''Sixty'', ''Time'', and ''Revival''. His song "[[Soweto Blues]]", sung by his former wife, Miriam Makeba, is a [[blues]]/jazz piece that mourns the carnage of the [[Soweto riots]] in 1976.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/miriam-makeba-singer-banned-from-her-native-south-africa-for-fighting-apartheid-1009604.html|title=Miriam Makeba: Singer banned from her native South Africa for fighting|date=11 November 2008|first=Jon|last=Lusk|website=The Independent|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> He also provided interpretations of songs composed by [[Jorge Ben]], [[Antônio Carlos Jobim]], [[Caiphus Semenya]], [[Jonas Gwangwa]], [[Dorothy Masuka]], and [[Fela Kuti]]. In 2006 Masekela was described by Michael A. Gomez, professor of history and Middle Eastern and Islamic studies at [[New York University]] as "the father of [[South African jazz|African jazz]]."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y694Kny7ZHsC&pg=PA18|title=Diasporic Africa: A Reader|last=Gomez|first=Michael A.|page= 18|date=2006|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814731659}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nyupress.org/books/9780814731666/|title=Diasporic Africa - A Reader |publisher= NYU Press|website=Nyupress.org|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> In 2009, Masekela released the album ''Phola'' (meaning "to get well, to heal"), his second recording for 4 Quarters Entertainment/[[Times Square Records]]. It includes some songs he wrote in the 1980s but never completed, as well as a reinterpretation of "The Joke of Life (Brinca de Vivre)", which he recorded in the mid-1980s. From October 2007, he was a board member of the Woyome Foundation for Africa.<ref>[http://www.wofound.org/board.htm Board members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302220943/http://www.wofound.org/board.htm |date=2 March 2014 }}, Woyome Foundation for Africa.</ref><ref>[http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/trumpet-player-and-so-much-more-hugh-masekela "Trumpet player and so much more, Hugh Masekela"], African American Registry.</ref> In 2010, Masekela was featured, with his son [[Selema Masekela]], in a series of videos on [[ESPN]]. The series, called ''Umlando – Through My Father's Eyes'', was aired in 10 parts during ESPN's coverage of the [[FIFA World Cup]] in South Africa. The series focused on Hugh's and Selema's travels through South Africa. Hugh brought his son to the places he grew up. It was Selema's first trip to his father's homeland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espnmediazone3.com/us/2010/04/umlando-%E2%80%93-through-my-father%E2%80%99s-eyes-espn-to-present-10-part-series-during-2010-fifa-world-cup-hugh-and-sal-masekela-explore-south-africa/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621005834/http://www.espnmediazone3.com/us/2010/04/umlando-%E2%80%93-through-my-father%E2%80%99s-eyes-espn-to-present-10-part-series-during-2010-fifa-world-cup-hugh-and-sal-masekela-explore-south-africa/|url-status=dead|title=ESPN – Umlando – Through My Father's Eyes|archive-date=21 June 2010|access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> [[File:Hugh-Masakela in 2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Masekela in 2013]] On 3 December 2013, Masekela guested with the [[Dave Matthews Band]] in Johannesburg, South Africa. He joined [[Rashawn Ross]] on trumpet for "[[Proudest Monkey]]" and "[[Grazing in the Grass]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dmbalmanac.com/TourShowSet.aspx?id=453057133&tid=121&where=2013/|title=DMBAlmanac.com²|website=Dmbalmanac.com|access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> In 2016, at Emperors Palace, Johannesburg, Masekela and Abdullah Ibrahim performed together for the first time in 60 years, reuniting the Jazz Epistles in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the historic 16 June 1976 [[Soweto uprising|youth demonstrations]].<ref>Podbrey, Gwen, [http://www.destinyman.com/2016/05/04/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-perform-one-stage/ "Hugh Masekela and Abdullah Ibrahim to perform on one stage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821214432/http://www.destinyman.com/2016/05/04/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-perform-one-stage/ |date=21 August 2017 }}, ''Destinyman.com'', 4 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/the-jazz-epistles-tribute-announcedabdullah-ibrahim-ekaya-and-hugh-masekela-a-tribute-to-jazz-epistles/ "Abdullah Ibrahim & Ekaya and Hugh Masekela: A Tribute to Jazz Epistles"], News, Abdullah Ibrahim website, 13 May 2016.</ref><ref>[http://blackmajor.co.za/news/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-present-a-tribute-to-the-jazz-epistles-in-jhb/ "Hugh Masekela & Abdullah Ibrahim perform a tribute to the Jazz Epistles in JHB"], ''Black Major'', 15 June 2016.</ref>
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