Editing Hudson River (section)

==Course==
=== Sources ===
The source of the Hudson River is [[Henderson Lake (New York)|Henderson Lake]], located in the [[Adirondack Mountains]] at an elevation of {{cvt|4322|ft|m}}.<ref name="USGS Water Quality Assessment" /><ref name="NYTimes Lake Tear of the Clouds" /> However, the photogenic [[Lake Tear of the Clouds]] is more conventionally cited in popular culture as the source of the Hudson.<ref name="Highest Source" /> The river is named [[Feldspar Brook]] from where it emerges from Lake Tear of the Clouds until its confluence with the [[Opalescent River]], after which it becomes the Opalescent until it reaches [[Calamity Brook]] flowing southward into the eastern outlet of Henderson Lake. After this point, the stream is known as the Hudson River<ref name="UAlbany Lake Tear of the Clouds" /><ref name="Adirondack Park Henderson Lake" /><ref name="Hudson River Map" /> according to the cartographical definition used by the [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS).<ref name="GNIS" />
[[File:Hudson River outflow from Henderson Lake.jpg|left|thumb|The Hudson River flowing out of Henderson Lake in Tahawus]]
USGS maps show the longest source of the Hudson as the Opalescent on the western slopes of Little Marcy Mountain,<ref name="Map of Opalescent River and Lake Tear of the Clouds" /><ref name="Opalescent Description" /> originating two miles north of Lake Tear of the Clouds.<ref name="Opalescent Description" /><ref name="Opalescent River" />

===Upper Hudson River===
Using river names as seen on maps, Indian Pass Brook flows into [[Henderson Lake (New York)|Henderson Lake]].  The outlet of Henderson Lake is most commonly referred to as the official start of the Hudson River, as it flows east and meets the southwest flowing Calamity Brook. The [[confluence]] of the two rivers however is where most maps begin to use the Hudson River name on a cartographical basis. South of the outlet of Sanford Lake, the Opalescent River flows into the Hudson.<ref name=usgs/>

The Hudson then flows south, taking in Beaver Brook and the outlet of Lake Harris. After its confluence with the Indian River, the Hudson forms the boundary between Essex and Hamilton counties. The Hudson flows entirely into Warren County in the hamlet of [[North River, New York|North River]], and takes in the [[Schroon River]] at [[Warrensburg, New York|Warrensburg]]. Further south, the river forms the boundary between Warren and Saratoga Counties. The river then takes in the [[Sacandaga River]] from the [[Great Sacandaga Lake]].<ref name="Hudson River Map"/>

Shortly thereafter, the river leaves the Adirondack Park, flows under [[Interstate 87 (New York)|Interstate 87]], and through [[Glens Falls]], just south of [[Lake George (lake), New York|Lake George]] although receiving no streamflow from the lake. It next goes through [[Hudson Falls]]. At this point the river forms the boundary between Washington and Saratoga Counties.<ref name="Hudson River Map"/> Here the river has an elevation of {{convert|200|ft|m}}.<ref name="USGS Water Quality Assessment"/> Just south in [[Fort Edward (town), New York|Fort Edward]], the river reaches its confluence with the [[Champlain Canal]],<ref name="Hudson River Map"/> which historically provided boat traffic between New York City and [[Montreal]] and the rest of [[Eastern Canada]] via the Hudson, [[Lake Champlain]] and the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]].<ref name="Champlain Canal"/>

Further south the Hudson takes in water from the [[Batten Kill River]] and Fish Creek near [[Schuylerville]]. The river then forms the boundary between Saratoga and Rensselaer counties. The river then enters the heart of the [[Capital District, New York|Capital District]]. It takes in water from the [[Hoosic River]], which extends into [[Massachusetts]]. Shortly thereafter the river has its confluence with the [[Mohawk River]], the largest tributary of the Hudson River, in [[Waterford, New York|Waterford]].<ref name="USGS Water Quality Assessment"/><ref name="Hudson River Map"/> The river then reaches the [[Federal Dam (Troy)|Federal Dam]] in [[Troy, New York|Troy]], marking an impoundment of the river.<ref name="Hudson River Map"/> At an elevation of {{convert|2|ft|m}}, the bottom of the dam marks the [[head of tide|beginning of the tidal]] influence in the Hudson as well as the beginning of the lower Hudson River.<ref name="USGS Water Quality Assessment"/>

===Lower Hudson River===
[[File:Bird's-eye view of Hudson River from walkway 5.JPG|thumb|The river from [[Poughkeepsie]], looking north.]]
South of the Federal Dam, the Hudson River begins to widen considerably. The river enters the [[Hudson Valley]], flowing between the cities of [[Albany, New York|Albany]] on the west bank and [[Rensselaer, New York|Rensselaer]] on the east bank. [[Interstate 90]] crosses the Hudson into Albany at this point in the river. The Hudson then leaves the Capital District, forming the boundary between Greene and Columbia Counties. It then meets its confluence with Schodack Creek, widening considerably at this point. After flowing by [[Hudson, New York|Hudson]], the river forms the boundary between Ulster and Columbia Counties and Ulster and Dutchess Counties, passing [[Germantown (town), New York|Germantown]] and [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]].<ref name="depth"/>

The [[Delaware and Hudson Canal]] meets the river at this point. The river then flows by [[Hyde Park, New York|Hyde Park]], former residence of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], and alongside the city of [[Poughkeepsie]], flowing under the [[Walkway over the Hudson]] and the [[Mid-Hudson Bridge]]. Afterwards, the Hudson passes [[Wappingers Falls]] and takes in [[Wappinger Creek]]. The river then forms the boundary between Orange and Dutchess Counties. It flows between [[Newburgh (city), New York|Newburgh]] and [[Beacon, New York|Beacon]] and under the [[Newburgh Beacon Bridge]], taking in the [[Fishkill Creek]].<ref name="depth"/>

In this area, between Gee's Point at the [[US Military Academy]] and [[Constitution Island]], an area known as "World's End" marks the deepest part of the Hudson, at {{convert|202|ft|m}}.<ref name="depth">{{cite web|title=River Guide to the Hudson Highlands|last=Aimon|first=Alan C.|publisher=[[Hudson River Valley Institute]]|url=http://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/library/pdfs/riverguidehudsonhighlands.pdf|date=November 27, 2009|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230052252/http://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/library/pdfs/riverguidehudsonhighlands.pdf|archive-date=December 30, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, the river enters the [[Hudson Highlands]] between Putnam and Orange Counties, flowing between mountains such as [[Storm King Mountain (New York)|Storm King Mountain]], [[Breakneck Ridge]], and [[Bear Mountain (Hudson Highlands)|Bear Mountain]]. The river narrows considerably here before flowing under the [[Bear Mountain Bridge]], which connects Westchester and Rockland Counties.<ref name="Hudson River Map"/>

[[File:2016 One World Observatory view along Hudson River.jpg|thumb|The river between [[Hudson Waterfront]] in New Jersey (left) and [[Manhattan]] (right)]]
Afterward, leaving the Hudson Highlands, the river enters [[Haverstraw Bay]], the widest point of the river at {{convert|3.5|mi|km}} wide.<ref name="USGS Water Quality Assessment"/> Shortly thereafter, the river forms the [[Tappan Zee]] and flows under the [[Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)|Tappan Zee Bridge]], which carries the [[New York State Thruway]] between [[Tarrytown, New York|Tarrytown]] and [[Nyack, New York|Nyack]] in Westchester and Rockland Counties respectively. At the state line with [[New Jersey]] the west bank of the Hudson enters [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]]. [[The Palisades (Hudson River)|The Palisades]] are large, rocky cliffs along the west bank of the river; also known as [[Bergen Hill]] at their lower end in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]].<ref name="Hudson River Map"/>

Further south the east bank of the river becomes [[Yonkers]] and then the [[Riverdale, Bronx|Riverdale]] neighborhood of the [[Bronx]] in New York City. South of the confluence of the Hudson and [[Spuyten Duyvil Creek]] (subsumed by the [[Harlem River Ship Canal]] connecting to the [[Harlem River]]), the east bank of the river becomes [[Manhattan]].<ref name="Hudson River Map"/> The river is sometimes still called the [[North River (Hudson River)|North River]] from this point south. The [[George Washington Bridge]] crosses the river between [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]] and the [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] neighborhood of Manhattan.<ref name="GWBridge"/>

The [[Lincoln Tunnel]] and the [[Holland Tunnel]] also cross under the river between Manhattan and New Jersey. South of [[the Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], the river proper ends, meeting the [[East River]] to form Upper New York Bay, also known as [[New York Harbor]]. Its outflow continues through [[the Narrows]] between [[Brooklyn]] and [[Staten Island]], under the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge|Verrazzano Bridge]], and into [[Lower New York Bay]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]<ref name="Hudson River Map"/> through the [[Hudson Canyon]].