Editing Hubris (section)

=== Mythological usage ===
[[File:Atlas Typhoeus Prometheus.png|thumb|[[Black-figure pottery]] (550 BC) depicting [[Prometheus]] serving his sentence, tied to a column]]
[[Hesiod]] and [[Aeschylus]] used the word "hubris" to describe transgressions against the gods.<ref name=superstition4>Eds., [https://www.britannica.com/topic/hubris "Hubris"], ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.</ref> A common way that hubris was committed was when a mortal claimed to be better than a god in a particular skill or attribute. Claims like these were rarely left unpunished, and so [[Arachne]], a talented young weaver, was transformed into a spider when she said that her skills exceeded those of the goddess [[Athena]]. Additional examples include [[Icarus]], [[Phaethon]], [[Salmoneus]], [[Niobe]], [[Cassiopeia (Queen of Aethiopia)|Cassiopeia]], [[Tantalus]], and [[Tereus]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Roman|first1=Luke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOgWfjNIxoMC&q=%22Hubris%22+Icarus,+Phaethon,+Salmoneus,+Niobe,+Cassiopeia,+Tantalus|title=Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology|last2=Roman|first2=Monica|date=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1438126395|language=en}}</ref>  

The goddess [[Hybris (mythology)|Hybris]] is described in the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]] as having "insolent encroachment upon the rights of others".<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Themis |volume=26 |page=758}}</ref>

These events were not limited to myth, and certain figures in history were considered to have been punished for committing hubris through their arrogance. One such person was the king [[Xerxes I]] as portrayed in Aeschylus's play ''[[The Persians]]'', and who allegedly threw chains to [[Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges|bind the Hellespont]] sea as punishment for daring to destroy his fleet.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

What is common in all of these examples is the breaching of limits, as the Greeks believed that the [[Moirai|Fates]] (Μοῖραι) had assigned each being with a particular area of freedom, an area that even the gods could not breach.<ref>[[Cornelius Castoriadis]]. Ce qui fait la Grèce, tome 1: D'Homère à Héraclite, chapitre V. Editeur: Seuil (9 mars 2004).</ref>