Editing Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (section)

==Territories, titles and styles==

===Southern Germany===
[[File:Karte-Hohenzollern.png|thumb|Hohenzollern region, Württemberg, Germany]]

====Jurisdiction====
The head of the Swabian branch of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ruled over the following territories:
* [[House of Hohenzollern#County of Zollern|County of Hohenzollern]] (1061)
* [[Burgraviate of Nuremberg]] (1192)
* County of [[Veringenstadt|Veringen]] (1535)
* Lordship of [[Haigerloch]] (1634)
* Lordship of Wehrstein (1634)
* [[Land van den Bergh|County of Bergh]] (1781)

From 1061 until 1806 five of these fiefs (not including Nuremberg) constituted an [[Imperial immediacy|immediate]] territory of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] under the counts of Zollern, [[vassal]]s of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]].

From 1806 until 1813 the Hohenzollern lands were a [[realm]] of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]], a short-lived state set up by [[Napoleon I Bonaparte]]. From 1815 until 1849 the principality was a [[sovereign country]] and a member of the [[German Confederation]]. In 1849 it lost its independence, and was incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] as the [[Province of Hohenzollern]].

[[File:Graf von dem Bergh, Fotografie Fürst Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern.jpg|thumb|[[Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern]], head of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern]]
The German Confederation was succeeded in 1866 by the [[North German Confederation]], which itself was succeeded by the [[German Empire]] in 1871. In 1918, the Kingdom of Prussia became the [[Free State of Prussia]], and the German Empire was replaced by the [[Weimar Republic]]. In 1933 the republic was replaced by the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. After the defeat of the Nazis the province of Hohenzollern was merged with other territories into the state of [[Württemberg-Hohenzollern]]. This state was part of the [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied Occupation Zones in Germany]] until 1952. In that year, the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern was merged into [[Baden-Württemberg]], a state of the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]].

[[Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern]], is the head of the princely Swabian line.

====Titles====
The '''head of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' is the historical heir to the titles of:
* [[Prince]] (''[[Fürst]]'') of Hohenzollern
* [[Burgrave]] (''Burggraf'') of Nuremberg
* [[Imperial Count]] (''Reichsgraf'') of Hohenzollern
* Count (''Graf'') of Sigmaringen
* Count (''Graf'') of Veringen
* Count (''Graf'') of [[Land van den Bergh|Bergh]]
* [[Lord]] (''Herr'') of Haigerloch
* Lord (''Herr'') of Wehrstein

====Styles====
The historical titulature of rulers of the House of Hohenzollern was, in the German original: {{lang|de|Seine Durchlaucht (S.D.) {{lang|en|[name]|italic=no}} von Gottes Gnaden, Fürst von Hohenzollern, Burggraf von Nürnberg, Graf zu Sigmaringen, Veringen und Berg, Herr zu Haigerloch und Wehrstein}}.

The English translation is: ''His Serene Highness (HSH) ''[name]'' [[by the Grace of God]], Prince of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Count of Sigmaringen, Veringen and Berg, Lord of Haigerloch and Wehrstein''.

===Romanian branch ===
{{Royal house|
| surname = House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Romanian branch)
| other_names = House of Hohenzollern-Romania<br/>House of Romania
| estate = 
| coat of arms = [[File:Kingdom of Romania - Big CoA.svg|100px]]
| country = [[Romania]]
| parent house = [[Hohenzollern]]
| titles = Prince (''[[Domnitor]]'', or ''Principe'') (1866–1881),<br/>[[King of Romania|King]] (''Rege'') (1881–1947)
| founder = [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]]
| final ruler = [[Michael of Romania|Michael I]]
| current head = [[Margareta of Romania]]
| founding year = 10 May 1866
| dissolution = 
| deposition = 30 December 1947 (the communist coup when the king was forced to abdicate)
| nationality = German, Romanian
| cadet branches = 
}}
[[File:Romania territory during 20th century.gif|thumb|Territorial evolution of Romania]]

The modern state of [[Romania]] was formed by union of the principalities of [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]] in 1859, under the [[Domnitor|prince domnitor]] [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]]. He was replaced by Karl Eitel of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1866, who ascended the throne as Carol I, Prince of Romania.

During the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)]], Romania, which was a functionally independent vassal of the [[Ottoman Empire]], proclaimed its full independence. After the commander of the Russian armies had requested Romania's help, Carol accepted to enter the war with the condition of being appointed as commander of the armies that were [[Siege of Plevna|besieging Plevna]]. After the end of the [[Romanian War of Independence]] in the 1878, at the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]], Romania was subsequently recognized as an independent state by the [[Great Powers]].

In return for reverting to the [[Russian Empire]] three southern [[Bessarabia]]n districts that had been regained by Moldavia after the [[Crimean War]] in 1852, [[Dobruja]] was acquired.

In 1881, the [[principality]] was raised to a [[king]]dom and Prince Carol became King [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]]. He reigned until his death in 1914, and was succeeded by his nephew, [[Ferdinand I of Romania|Ferdinand]]. Shortly after taking the throne, Ferdinand, a Roman Catholic like his predecessor, agreed to have his children reared in the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]].

In 1918 [[Transylvania]] and [[Bessarabia]] were incorporated. In 1918–19, confirmed by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] of 1919 and the [[Treaty of Trianon]] of 1920, most of the [[Banat]] became part of Romania. Also, [[Bukovina]] was incorporated in 1918.

Ferdinand died in 1927. His eldest son, Crown Prince Carol, having renounced his rights, Carol's only son [[Michael I of Romania|Michael]] ascended the throne. In 1930, however, Carol reclaimed the throne and was crowned [[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]]. Carol was forced to abdicate in 1940, and Michael re-mounted the throne. His reign, and that of the dynasty, ended when he was forced to abdicate by a communist regime in 1947.

On 10 May 2011, following lawsuits brought in Germany against his family by his German relatives regarding attribution of the title ''Prince of Hohenzollern-Veringen'' to his son-in-law, [[Prince Radu of Romania|Radu Duda]], Michael severed dynastic ties with the princely house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, changed the name of his family to "of Romania", and ceased the use of all princely titles borne by him and his family that derived from the German Hohenzollerns.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/bucuresti/Bucuresti-_Regele_Mihai_I_anunta_ruperea_tuturor_legaturilor_istorice_si_dinastice_cu_Casa_de_Hohenzollern_0_478152444.html King Michael I announces the severance of all historical and dynastic ties to the House of Hohenzollern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022081021/http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/bucuresti/Bucuresti-_Regele_Mihai_I_anunta_ruperea_tuturor_legaturilor_istorice_si_dinastice_cu_Casa_de_Hohenzollern_0_478152444.html |date=22 October 2012 }}, [[Adevarul]], 11 May 2011</ref><ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Conflictele_dintre_Casa_Regala_a_Romaniei_si_Casa_Princiara_de_Hohenzollern_0_478152637.html The history of the conflicts between the Royal House of Romania and the Princely House of Hohenzollern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022080843/http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Conflictele_dintre_Casa_Regala_a_Romaniei_si_Casa_Princiara_de_Hohenzollern_0_478152637.html |date=22 October 2012 }}, [[Adevarul]], 11 May 2011</ref>

====Titles====
The '''head of the Romanian branch''' continued, since [[abolished monarchy|abolition of the monarchy]], to use the hereditary title he bore while reigning:
* Michael I, [[King of Romania]]

During the reign of [[Carol II of Romania]] his son, [[Michael I of Romania|Michael]], was styled {{lang|ro|Măria Sa (M.S.) Marele Voievod de Alba Iuli}} or, in English translation, "His Highness The Grand [[Voivode]] of Alba Julia".

====Styles====
The Romanian original is: {{lang|ro|Majestatea Sa (M.S.) N.N., Regele Românilor}} (or {{lang|ro|Maiestatea Sa (M.S.) N.N., Regele României}}; both forms are accepted by the [[Romanian Academy]])

The English translation is: ''His Majesty (H.M.) N.N., King of Romania''