Editing Hobby (section)

== History ==
Prior to the mid-19th century, hobbies were generally considered as an obsession, childish or trivial, with negative connotations.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Daily |first=Larry Z. |date=2018-07-03 |title=Towards a definition of "hobby": An empirical test of a proposed operational definition of the word hobby |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14427591.2018.1463286 |journal=Journal of Occupational Science |language=en |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=368–382 |doi=10.1080/14427591.2018.1463286 |s2cid=169312007 |issn=1442-7591}}</ref> However, as early as 1676 Sir Matthew Hale, in ''Contemplations Moral and Divine'', wrote "Almost every person hath some hobby horse or other wherein he prides himself."<ref name="Hale1676">{{cite book|author=Sir Matthew Hale|title=Contemplations moral and divine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cL1AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5|year=1676|publisher=Printed by William Godbid, for William Shrowbury at the Bible in Duke-Lane, and John Leigh at the Blew Bell Fleet Street near Chancery-lane|pages=201}}</ref> He was acknowledging that a "hobby horse" produces a legitimate sense of pride. The cultural shift towards acceptance of hobbies was thought to begin during the mid 18th century as working people had more regular hours of work and greater leisure time, spending more time to pursue interests that brought them satisfaction.<ref name="Gelber S M 1999, p. 12" /> However, there was concern that these working people might not use their leisure time in worthwhile pursuits. "The hope of weaning people away from bad habits by the provision of counter-attractions came to the fore in the 1830s, and has rarely waned since. Initially, the bad habits were perceived to be of a sensual and physical nature, and the counter attractions, or perhaps more accurately alternatives, deliberately cultivated rationality and the intellect."<ref>Thomson F M L. ''The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950 Vol 2''. Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 327</ref> The book and magazine trade of the day encouraged worthwhile hobbies and pursuits. The burgeoning manufacturing trade made materials used in hobbies cheap and was responsive to the changing interests of hobbyists.

In 1941, [[George Orwell]] identified hobbies as central to English culture at the time: "Another English characteristic which is so much a part of us that we barely notice it … is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the ''privateness'' of English life. We are a nation of flower-lovers, but also a nation of stamp-collectors, pigeon-fanciers, amateur carpenters, coupon-snippers, darts-players, crossword-puzzle fans. All the culture that is most truly native centers round things which even when they are communal are not official—the pub, the football match, the back garden, the fireside and the 'nice cup of tea'."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Orwell|first=George|date=28 February 1941|title=The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius.|url=http://orwell.ru/library/essays/lion/english/e_eye|journal=England Your England}}</ref>

Deciding what to include in a list of hobbies provokes debate because it is difficult to decide which pleasurable pass-times can also be described as hobbies. During the 20th century the term hobby suggested activities, such as stamp collecting, embroidery, knitting, painting, woodwork, and photography. Typically the description did not include activities like listening to music, watching television, or reading. These latter activities bring pleasure, but lack the sense of achievement usually associated with a hobby. They are usually not structured, organized pursuits, as most hobbies are. The pleasure of a hobby is usually associated with making something of value or achieving something of value. "Such leisure is socially valorized precisely because it produces feelings of satisfaction with something that looks very much like work but that is done of its own sake."<ref name="Gelber S M 1999, p. 12"/> "Hobbies are a contradiction: they take work and turn it into leisure, and take leisure and turn it into work."<ref name="Gelber S M 1999, p. 12" /> A 2018 study using survey results identified the term "hobby" to most accurately describe activities associated with making or collecting objects, especially when done alone.<ref name=":2" />

Cultural trends related to hobbies change with time. In the 21st century, the video game industry has been popular as a hobby involving millions of children and adults. [[Stamp collecting]] declined along with the importance of the postal system. [[Woodwork]] and [[knitting]] declined as hobbies, because manufactured goods provide cheap alternatives for handmade goods. Through the internet, an [[online community]] has become a hobby for many people; sharing advice, information and support, and in some cases, allowing a traditional hobby, such as [[collecting]], to flourish and support trading in a new environment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ridings |first1=Catherine M. |last2=Gefen |first2=David |date=2006-06-23 |title=Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article/4614455 |journal=Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=00 |doi=10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00229.x}}</ref>