Editing Hobart (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Hobart}}
The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at [[Risdon Cove]] on the eastern shores of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], amid British concerns over the presence of [[Baudin expedition to Australia|French explorers]]. It was the site of the [[1804 Risdon Cove massacre]]. Later that year, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned [[Port Phillip]] settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at [[Sullivans Cove]].

The area's [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Indigenous inhabitants]] were members of the semi-nomadic ''Mouheneener'' tribe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |title=House of Assembly Standing Orders |website=Parliament of Tasmania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930220233/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |archive-date=30 September 2008 |quote=We acknowledge the traditional people of the land upon which we meet today, the [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Mouheneener people]].}}</ref> Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the Aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the [[convict]] population. In 1832, four years after [[Black War#Martial law, November 1828|martial law]] had been declared, 26 people, including [[Tongerlongeter]] (Tukalunginta) and [[Montpelliatta]] (Muntipiliyata) of the combined ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Big River|Big River]]'' and ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Oyster Bay (Paredarerme)|Oyster Bay]]'' nations, surrendered to [[G. A. Robinson]]'s "friendly mission" and were marched into Hobart to negotiate a truce with Governor [[George Arthur]]. They were forcibly exiled ten days later to [[Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment|Flinders Island]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Henry |last2=Clements |first2=Nicholas |title=Tongerlongeter |date=2021 |publisher=NewSouth |location=Sydney |isbn=9781742237770}}</ref>

[[File:John Glover - Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Glover (artist)|John Glover]]'s 1834 painting ''Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point'' depicts [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] dancing in the foreground. By this stage however, Aboriginal people had been forcibly exiled from the area following the [[Black War]].]]
[[Charles Darwin]] visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the [[HMS Beagle|''Beagle'']] expedition. He compares it to [[Sydney]] and compliments the "[[kunanyi#European history|noble forest]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Darwin in Hobart Town - February 1836 |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/darwin/plants.html |website=UTAS |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]'':<blockquote>"...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505."</blockquote>

[[File:A bird's-eye view of Hobart, Tasmania (15027182788).jpg|thumb|''A bird's eye view of Hobart''. The 1894 International Exhibition is visible near the future [[Hobart Cenotaph]] site]]
The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of South Seas [[whaling]] and [[seal hunting|sealing]] trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.
Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8991859 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Hobart, Tasmania |date=1 January 1881 |access-date=6 June 2012 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The [[Convicts in Australia#Cessation of transportation|post-transportation]] era saw the city shift between periods of economic uncertainty in the 1860s and 1890s: <blockquote>"...While brash Victorians talked of the future, Tasmanians nurtured memories of a more prosperous past. In the 'sixties Martineau found elderly ladies lamenting the gaiety of the old days and merchants the time when 'Hobart Town promised to be the emporium if not the metropolis of Australia'."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=Reynolds |title=Australian Nationalism: Tasmanian Patriotism |date=1971 |journal=James Cook University of North Queensland |pages=18–30 |url=https://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1971/NZJH_05_1_03.pdf |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref></blockquote> However, this was mixed in with evolving politics, a greater connection with mainland Australia, tourism in the 1880s and the establishment of important cultural and social institutions including [[UTAS|The University of Tasmania]]. "When the [[Hobart Town Hall|Town Hall]] was opened in 1866 it symbolised the hope of future greatness for the city".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/H/Hobart.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> The Russian navy visited the port multiple times, which had become a leading reason for the [[Hobart coastal defences]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Georgie |title=Did Hobart's network of coastal defences ever see any action? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-16/did-hobarts-coastal-defence-networks-ever-see-any-action/10354652 |access-date=3 July 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=16 October 2018}}</ref> [[Mark Twain]] also visited in 1895 when he wrote "Hobart has a peculiarity—it is the neatest town that the sun shines on; and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest."<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart - 1895 |url=https://twainsgeography.com/chapter/hobart-1895 |website=Twain's Geography |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> <!-- ''(history needed here, including penal colony, seal and whalers, postwar economic decline)'' -->

[[File:Hobart - Collins Street - between Murray Street and Elizabeth Street - Carnival in the street - (c1915) (11279800593).jpg|left|thumb|A carnival on [[Collins Street, Hobart|Collins Street]] in 1915]]
On 7 September 1936, one of the last known surviving [[thylacine]]s died at the [[Beaumaris Zoo]] in Hobart.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crescent |first=Lawson |title=National Museum of Australia - Extinction of thylacine |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/extinction-of-thylacine |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.nma.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> During [[WW2]], the city performed drills and built shelters, with German mines found in the estuary and a Japanese scout plane flyover in 1942.<ref>{{cite web |title=Second World War |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Second%20world%20war.htm |website=Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies |publisher=UTAS |access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref> While Hobart was isolated, it also contained the not insignificant [[Risdon Zinc Works|Electrolytic Zinc Company]] which was essential for ammunition production.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lehman |first1=Ros |title=Hobart streets dug up for air raid shelters as WWII threat crept further south |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-25/hobart-streets-dug-up-air-raid-shelters-ww2-bombing-threat/102214542 |access-date=3 July 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=25 April 2023}}</ref>

During the mid 20th century, the state and local governments invested in building Hobart's reputation as a tourist attraction—in 1956 the Lanherne Airport (now [[Hobart Airport]]) was opened. Australia's first legal casino, [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]], opened in 1973. Despite these successes, Hobart faced significant challenges during the 20th century, including the [[1967 Tasmanian fires]], which claimed 64 lives in Hobart itself and destroyed over 1200 homes,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beavis |first1=Laura |title=Black Tuesday bushfires: Two more Tasmanians officially recognised as victims of 1967 blaze |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-07/black-tuesday-plaque-honouring-1967-tasmanian-bushfire-victims/8246740 |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=7 Feb 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |title=Bushfires 1967 |first=Roger |last=Wettenhall |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407170642/https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the 1975 [[Tasman Bridge disaster]], when a bulk ore carrier collided with and destroyed the concrete span bridge that connected the city to its eastern suburbs.

In the 21st century, Hobart benefited as Tasmania's economy recovered from the 1990s recession, and the city's long-stagnant population growth began to reverse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |title=History information Hobart by Lonely Planet Travel Guide |date=19 October 2006 |website=Rydges Hotels & Resorts |access-date=20 February 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019204909/http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |archive-date=19 October 2006}}</ref> A period of significant growth has followed, including the redevelopment of the former Macquarie Point railyards, Parliament Square, and new hotel developments throughout the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=From fledgling port to tourism hub, what could be in store for Hobart's waterfront? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=ABC News |date=26 November 2018 |language=en-AU |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220074820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |url-status=live }}</ref>