Editing Ho Chi Minh City (section)

===Saigon===
[[File:SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg|left|thumb|190px|Saigon is written here as {{lang|zh-Hant|柴棍}} along with other Southern Vietnamese cities. (On the left of the page, first row after "{{lang|zh-Hant|城庯三}}")]]

The original toponym behind Sài Gòn was attested earliest as {{lang|zh-Hant|柴棍}}, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's "Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier" ({{lang|zh-Hant|撫邊雜錄}}, {{lang|vi|Phủ biên tạp lục}} c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince [[Ang Nan]] was installed as [[uparaja]] in {{lang|zh-Hant|柴棍}} (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces.

{{lang|zh-Hant|柴棍}} also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's "Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel" ({{lang|zh-Hant|嘉定城通志}}, {{lang|vi|Gia Định thành thông chí}}, c. 1820), "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country" ({{lang|zh-Hant|南國地輿教科書}}, {{lang|vi|Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư}}, 1908),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=梁 Lương |first=竹潭 Trúc Đàm |date=1908 |title=南國地輿教科書 Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư |url=https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/1043/ |website=Nom Foundation}}</ref> etc.

Adrien Launay's {{lang|fr|Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine|italics=no}} (1688–1823), "Documents Historiques II: 1728 – 1771" (1924: [https://books.google.com/books?id=zZ6AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA190 190]) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng "Upper Saigon"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ "Lower Saigon").

It is probably a transcription of Khmer {{lang|km|ព្រៃនគរ}} (Prey Nokôr)<ref>{{Harvnb|Vo|2011|p=9}}</ref><ref name="TruongVinhKy2">{{Cite book |last=Ky |first=Pétrus |title=Excursions et Reconnaissance |publisher=Imprimerie Coloniale |year=1885 |volume=X |location=Saigon |language=fr |chapter=Souvenirs historiques sur Saigon et ses environs |author-link=Pétrus Ky |chapter-url=https://virtual-saigon.net/Asset/Source/refBibliography_ID-3228_No-01.pdf |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054031/https://virtual-saigon.net/Asset/Source/refBibliography_ID-3228_No-01.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>{{refn|"The Khmer name for Saigon, by the way, is Prey Nokor; prey means forest, nokor home or city."<ref>{{cite book |title=War and hope: the case for Cambodia |author=Norodom Sihanouk |publisher=Pantheon Books |year=1980 |isbn=0-394-51115-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/warhopecasef00noro/page/54 54] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/warhopecasef00noro/page/54}}</ref>|group=nb}}, or Khmer {{lang|km|ព្រៃគរ}} (Prey Kôr).

The proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese {{lang|zh|堤岸}} ("embankment", {{transliteration|yue|tai4 ngon6}}, SV: đê ngạn){{refn|"Un siècle plus tard (1773), la révolte des TÁYON ''(sic)'' <nowiki>[qu'éclata]</nowiki> tout, d'abord dans les montagnes de la province de Qui-Nhon, et s'étendit rapidement dans le sud, chassa de Bien-Hoa le mouvement commercial qu'y avaient attiré les Chinois. Ceux-ci abandonnèrent Cou-lao-pho, remontèrent de fleuve de Tan-Binh, et vinrent choisir la position actuele de CHOLEN. Cette création date d'environ 1778. Ils appelèrent leur nouvelle résidence TAI-NGON ou TIN-GAN. Le nom transformé par les Annamites en celui de SAIGON fut depuis appliqué à tort, par l'expédition française, au SAIGON actuel dont la dénomination locale est [[BEN-NGHE]] ou [[BEN-THANH]]."<ref>Francis Garnier, quoted in: {{cite book |title=Tuyển tập Vương Hồng Sến |author=Hồng Sến Vương, Q. Thắng Nguyễn |url=https://www.scribd.com/Lich-Su-Thu-Do-Sai-Gon/d/7230907 |publisher=Nhà xuất bản Văn học |year=2002 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505043006/http://www.scribd.com/Lich-Su-Thu-Do-Sai-Gon/d/7230907 |archive-date=5 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|group=nb}}, the [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]] name of [[Chợ Lớn]], (e.g. by Vương Hồng Sển) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) the Vietnamese source Phủ biên tạp lục (albeit written in literary Chinese) was the earliest extant one containing the local toponym's transcription; (2) {{lang|zh|堤岸}} has variant form {{lang|zh|提岸}}, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn. Saigon is unlikely to be from {{lang|zh|堤岸}} since in "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country", it also lists [[Chợ Lớn]] as {{lang|vi-Hani|𢄂𢀲}} separate from {{lang|zh|柴棍}} Sài Gòn.{{Original research inline|date=September 2024}}