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===Paleolithic=== The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran were found in the [[Kashafrud]] and [[Ganj Par]] sites that are thought to date back to 100,000 years ago in the Middle Paleolithic.<ref>Ancient Iran, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', www.britannica.com</ref> [[Mousterian]] stone tools made by [[Neanderthal]]s have also been found.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Biglari|first1=Fereidoun|last2=Shidrang|first2=Sonia|date=2019|title=Rescuing the Paleolithic Heritage of Hawraman, Kurdistan, Iranian Zagros|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706536|journal=Near Eastern Archaeology|volume=82|issue=4|pages=226–235|doi=10.1086/706536|s2cid=212851965 |issn=1094-2076}}</ref> There are more cultural remains of Neanderthals dating back to the [[Middle Paleolithic]] period, which mainly have been found in the Zagros region and fewer in central Iran at sites such as Kobeh, Kunji, [[Bisitun Cave]], Tamtama, [[Warwasi]], and [[Yafteh]] Cave.<ref>J.D. Vigne, J. Peters and D. Helmer, ''First Steps of Animal Domestication'', Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology, Durham, August 2002, {{ISBN|1-84217-121-6}}</ref> In 1949, a Neanderthal [[Radius (bone)|radius]] was discovered by [[Carleton S. Coon]] in Bisitun Cave.<ref>{{cite web|last1=TRINKAUS|first1=E.|last2=BIGLARI|first2=F.|title=Middle Paleolithic Human Remains from Bisitun Cave, Iran|url=http://www.academia.edu|access-date=2021-11-06|archive-date=2016-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727234409/http://kau.academia.edu/DaniyalAlGhazzawi|url-status=live}}</ref> Evidence for [[Upper Paleolithic]] and [[Epipaleolithic]] periods are known mainly from the [[Zagros Mountains]] in the caves of [[Kermanshah]] and [[Khorramabad]] and a few number of sites in [[Piranshahr]], [[Alborz]] and [[Central Iran]]. During this time, people began creating [[rock art in Iran|rock art]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/503588/UNESCO-assessor-visits-prehistoric-caves-in-Khorramabad-s-valley | title=UNESCO assessor visits prehistoric caves in Khorramabad's valley | date=13 September 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspaper.irandaily.ir/7490/3/7192 | title=Khorramabad Valley: A potential UNESCO World Heritage Site }}</ref>
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