Editing History of Ghana (section)

== Kingdom of Dagbon ==
{{Main|Kingdom of Dagbon}}

According to oral traditions and archaeological evidence, the [[Dagomba people|Dagomba]] states were the earliest kingdoms to emerge in present-day Ghana as early as the 11th century, being well established by the close of the 16th century.<ref name=pc /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wagstaff|first=G.|s2cid=192015810|date=1 May 2004|title=Morales's Officium, chant traditions, and performing 16th-century music|journal=Early Music|volume=32|issue=2|pages=225–243|doi=10.1093/em/32.2.225|issn=0306-1078}}</ref> Although the rulers of the Dagomba states were not usually Muslim, they brought with them, or welcomed, Muslims as scribes and medicine men. As a result of their presence, [[Islam]] influenced the north and Muslim influence spread by the activities of merchants and clerics.<ref name=pc /><ref>{{Citation|title=Chapter 3. Using Muslims to Think With: Narratives of Islamic Rulers|work=Envisioning Islam|year=2015|pages=102–141|place=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|doi=10.9783/9780812291445-004|isbn=978-0-8122-9144-5}}</ref>

In the broad belt of rugged country between the northern boundaries of the Muslim-influenced state of Dagomba, and the southernmost outposts of the [[Mossi Kingdoms]] (of present-day northern Ghana and southern [[Burkina Faso]]), were peoples who were not incorporated into the Dagomba entity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Behrends|first=Andrea|date=February 2002|title=Bonds and Boundaries in Northern Ghana and Southern Burkina Faso.|journal=American Ethnologist|volume=29|issue=1|pages=218–219|doi=10.1525/ae.2002.29.1.218|issn=0094-0496|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-39326}}</ref> Among these peoples were the [[Kassena]] agriculturalists. They lived in a so-called segmented society, bound together by kinship tie, and ruled by the head of their clan.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dennison |first=Walter |title=DEGRUYTER |date=31 December 2009 |pages=10–43 |chapter=A New Head of the So-Called Scipio Type: An Attempt at Its Identification |place=Piscataway, NJ, USA |publisher=Gorgias Press |doi=10.31826/9781463220235-001 |isbn=978-1-4632-2023-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|title=The cycle of poverty and early marriage among women in Ghana (A case study of Kassena-Nankana).|publisher=University of Northern British Columbia|first=Doris|last=Adjei|year=2015 |doi=10.24124/2015/bpgub1079|doi-access=free}}</ref> Trade between Akan kingdoms and the Mossi kingdoms to the north flowed through their homeland, subjecting them to Islamic influence, and to the depredations of those more powerful.<ref>{{Citation|last=Zahan|first=Dominique|title=The Mossi Kingdoms|work=West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century|year=2018|pages=152–178|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429491641-6|isbn=978-0-429-49164-1|s2cid=216884374}}</ref>