Editing Hermosillo (section)

=== Origins ===
The origin of Hermosillo dates to the 1700s, when the mission villages of Our Lady of The Populace, Our Lady of Angels, and the Holy Trinity of Pitic were founded. They collected members of the [[Yaqui]], [[Seri people|Seri]], Tepoca, and [[Pima Bajo people|Pima Bajo]] peoples.

Years earlier, internal difficulties had occurred between the Tepoca and the Bajo Pima peoples. The Spanish wanted to bring them into the mission villages to have more control over their work.

The villages and city were intended to contain the Seri and Tepoca Indians, to protect the Hispanic expansion. It was called the '''Real Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista''', named after Viceroy Don Pedro de Castro y Figueroa, Duke of the Conquest and Marquis of Grace. The explorer in charge of the foundation of the peoples was {{ill|Juan Bautista de Escalante|es}}, who pacified tensions.

On May 18, 1700, he gave a speech that was documented, in part: 
<blockquote>"Sending them to have no wars from now on, but to live as Christians and to deal with each other with fairs of the clothes of their use and seeds of their plantings, to which they responded from one and the other, which they would do thank ingsands thank ing best for the good that they made peace of way."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monografias.com/trabajos27/fundacion-hermosillo/fundacion-hermosillo.shtml |title= How Hermosillo was founded |publisher=monografias.com |access-date= 29 November 2013| last=Lagarda |first=Ignacio|date= 26 October 2005 }}</ref></blockquote>

In 1718, on the orders of Governor Manuel de San Juan y Santa Cruz, the town of the Holy Trinity of Pitic was repopulated; on September 29, 1725, the Seri settled in the Pópulo rose in the son of war and invaded the people of Opodepe. The Seri were persecuted for the purpose of punishing them until they signed the peace in January 1726, and they were settled in the Porplo and in the points called Alares and Moraga; subsequently given the uncertainty due to the bellicoseness of the indigenous, the Pitic presidio was formed.

====Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista del Pitic====
In June 1741, Don Agustin de Vildósola established the Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista del Pitic.
Nine years later, the troops of the Pupium were transferred to El Pópulo, in the present municipality of [[San Miguel de Horcasitas]]. As a result of this action, Pitic was left in a very precarious situation, because numerous residents emigrated for fear of the Seri.

While the Presidio's settlement was about to disappear, senior authorities ordered a group of soldiers to remain on site to ensure the safety of the settlers. In 1772, the mayor Pedro de Corbalán ordered the construction of a canal on the left bank of the [[Sonora River|Rio Sonora]], to irrigate the lands and orchards.

Pitic's Villa .A.
Before the end of the eighteenth century the former Presidio of San Pedro de la Conquista del Pitic became Villa del Pitic.

On February 9, 1825, the Villa del Pitic was established as the head of the party, dependent on the Department of Horcasitas. This coincided with the urbanization that the royal surveyors gave it, as it progressed steadily.

In 1827, the city had approximately eight thousand inhabitants, and its urbanization was very particular, as the houses were scattered in all directions. The region was fertile, well-cultivated and provided an abundance of what was necessary for life and even many luxuries. Already then it was very cheap, high-quality beef that to this day is famous.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Henry George|title= 'Mexico' in 1827|edition=First |language= es|year=1981|publisher=American Library, Economic Culture Fund|isbn=968-16-0645-0 |chapter=Appendix C |page =758}}</ref>

====The Village of Hermosillo====
On September 5, 1828, by decree no. 77 of the H. Legislature of the State of the West, the name ''Villa del Pitic'' was deleted and the name of the ''City of Hermosillo'' was imposed, in honor of the general [[Jalisco|jalisciense]] José María González de Hermosillo who in the late 1810s had carried the task of the national insurrection to lands [[Sinaloa|Sinaloenses]], then part of the Western State as well.

On March 12, 1831, the State of [[Sonora]] was founded and Hermosillo was its first capital from 14 May of that year to May 25, 1832, when the capital powers were transferred to the city of [[Arizpe]]. In 1837, the city was erected at the head of the district of its name. On the same date, Don Pascual Iñigo began the construction of the Chapel of Our Lady of Carmen.

On October 14, 1852, in the city, a section of filibusters under the command of [[Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon|Gastón de Raousset-Boulbon]] faced and defeated the national forces, who were under the leadership of General Miguel Blanco de Estrada; this was part of a revolutionary campaign of independence that was intended however to turn [[Sonora]] and [[Lower California]] into colonial territories of France. However, Raousset remained only a few days in the city, choosing to go to [[Guaymas]] to continue his campaign where he would eventually be defeated by General José María Yáñez Carrillo in Battle of Guaymas in 1854.

On May 4, 1866, under [[Second Mexican Empire|the Second Mexican Empire]] of [[Maximilian I of Mexico|Maximilian of Habsburg]],  republican troops commanded by the general {{ill|Ángel Martínez (soldier)|lt=Ángel Martínez|es|Ángel Martínez (militar)}} attacked and seized the city, which was being defended by [[Second Mexican Empire|the Second Mexican Empire]] under Colonel María Tranquilino Almada. However, a few hours later, it fell back into the hands of the forces of the Second Empire. On November 13, 1866, General Martinez again took the city in blood and fire, causing the imperialists to flee; but they returned and  regained it eight days later.

In 1879 Hermosillo was once again the headquarters of state powers, thanks to the management of the acting governor Don Francisco Serna, at least on an interim date. However, when the new Political Constitution of the State of Sonora was issued on September 15, 1917, it was definitively confirmed that the city of Hermosillo is the headquarters of the state powers, as referred to in article 28 thereof.<ref>'[http://www.hermosillo.gob.mx/?sel-3 Sherillo's Town Hall – Visitors]</ref>

On November 4 in front of the wooden station of [[Sonora]], dozens of people gathered at the opening of the Guaymas-Hermosillo railway section. On the train came Don Carlos Rodrigo Ortiz Retes, accompanied by the commander of the Military Zone, brigadier Colonel José Guillermo Carbó. Months later, both cargo and passenger service would be established between [[Guaymas]] and the [[Nogales (Sonora)|Noals]].