Editing Hermann Samuel Reimarus (section)

==Publications==

Reimarus' reputation as a scholar rests on the valuable edition of ''[[Dio Cassius]]'' (1750–52) which he prepared from the materials collected by Johann Andreas Fabricius. He published a work on logic (''[[Vernunftlehre als Anweisung zum richtigen Gebrauche der Vernunft]]'', 1756, 5th ed., 1790), and two popular books on the religious questions of the day. The first of these was a collection of essays on the principal truths of natural religion (''[[Abhandlungen von den vornehmsten Wahrheiten der natürlichen Religion]]'', 1755, 7th ed., 1798); the second (''[[Betrachtungen über die Triebe der Thiere]]'', 1760, 4th ed., 1798)<ref>The second edition can be found online : {{in lang|de}} {{Google books|c3FRAAAAMAAJ|Allgemeine Betrachtungen über die Triebe der Thiere, hauptsächlich über ihre Kunsttriebe. Zum Erkenntniss des Zusammenhanges der Welt, des Schöpfers und unser selbst|page=PP5}}, 2nd ed. Hamburg: Johann Carl Bohn, 1762</ref><ref name=EB1911/> dealt with one particular branch of the same subject.<ref name=EB1911/>

But Reimarus' main contribution to theological science was his analysis of the historical Jesus, ''[[Apologie oder Schutzschrift für die vernünftigen Verehrer Gottes]]'' ("An apology for, or some words in defense of, reasoning worshippers of God" – read by only a few intimate friends during his lifetime), which he left unpublished. After Reimarus' death, [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] published parts of this work as "Fragments by an Anonymous Writer" in his ''Zur Geschichte und Literatur'' in 1774–1778, giving rise to what is known as the ''{{ill|Fragmentenstreit|de}}''.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim|volume=16|page=498|first1=James|last1=Sime|author1-link=James Sime|first2=John George|last2=Robertson|author2-link=John George Robertson}}</ref>  This had a deep impact as the beginning of [[Quest for the historical Jesus|critical research of the ''historical Jesus'']].

Reimarus pointed out the differences between what Jesus said and what the apostles said, identifying Jesus as a Jewish preacher. Jesus, according to this view, was an apocalyptic prophet preaching about a worldly kingdom soon to come. This view still has currency within modern scholarship. Reimarus also considered Christianity to be a fabrication.

Reimarus' philosophical position is essentially that of [[Christian Wolff (philosopher)|Christian Wolff]], but he is best known for his ''Apologie'' as excerpted by Lessing in what became known as the ''Wolfenbüttel Fragmente''. The original manuscript is in the Hamburg town library. A copy was made for the university library of [[university of Göttingen|Göttingen]], 1814, and other copies are known to exist. In addition to the seven fragments published by Lessing, a second portion of the work was issued in 1787 by C. A. E. Schmidt (a pseudonym), under the title ''Übrige noch ungedruckte Werke des Wolfenbüttelschen Fragmentisten'', and a further portion by [[D. W. Klose]] in [[Christian Wilhelm Niedner]]'s ''Zeitschrift für historische Theologie'', 1850-52. The complete work has been published as edited by Gerhard Alexander (2 vols, Frankfurt am Main: Insel, 1972). [[D. F. Strauss]] has given an exhaustive analysis of the whole work in his book on Reimarus.<ref name=EB1911/>

The standpoint of the ''Apologie'' is that of pure naturalistic [[Deism]]. Miracles and mysteries are denied and natural religion is put forward as the absolute contradiction of revealed religion. The essential truths of the former are the existence of a wise and good Creator and the immortality of the soul. These truths are discoverable by reason, and can constitute the basis of a universal religion. A revealed religion could never obtain universality, as it could never be intelligible and credible to all men. However, the Bible does not present such a revelation. It abounds in error as to matters of fact, contradicts human experience, reason and morals, and is one tissue of folly, deceit, enthusiasm, selfishness and crime. Moreover, it is not a doctrinal compendium, or catechism, which a revelation would have to be.<ref name=EB1911/>

According to Reimarus, the [[Old Testament]] says little of the worship of [[God]], and that little is worthless, while its writers are unacquainted with the second fundamental truth of religion, the [[immortality of the soul]] (see [[sheol]]). The design of the writers of the [[New Testament]], as well as that of [[Jesus]], was not to teach true rational religion, but to serve their own selfish ambitions, thereby exhibiting an amazing combination of conscious fraud and enthusiasm. However, it is important to remember that Reimarus attacked [[atheism]] with equal effect and sincerity.<ref name=EB1911/>