Editing Henry the Lion (section)

==Rule==
[[File:JindraLev.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Contemporary depiction of Henry the Lion from the ''[[Historia Welforum]]'']]
Henry the Lion did not relinquish his claims to his inheritance, and Conrad returned Saxony to him in 1142.{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}} A participant in the 1147 [[Wendish Crusade]],{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}} Henry also reacquired Bavaria by a decision of the new emperor, [[Frederick Barbarossa]], in 1156. However, the [[Margraviate of Austria|East Mark]] was not returned and became the [[Duchy of Austria]].{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}}

Henry was the founder of [[Munich]] (1157){{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}} and [[Lübeck]] (1159);{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}} he also founded and developed numerous other cities in Northern Germany and Bavaria, such as [[Augsburg]], [[Hildesheim]], [[Stade]], [[Kassel]], [[Güstrow]], [[Lüneburg]], [[Salzwedel]], [[Schwerin]] and [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]]. In Brunswick, his capital, he had a [[Brunswick Lion|bronze lion]], his heraldic animal, erected in the courtyard of his castle [[Dankwarderode]] in 1166—the first bronze statue north of the [[Alps]]. Later, he had [[Brunswick Cathedral]] built close to the statue.

[[Image:Guelf c12.jpg|thumb|Henry's duchies Saxony and Bavaria]]
In 1147, Henry married [[Clementia of Zähringen]], thereby gaining her hereditary territories in [[Swabia]]. He divorced her in 1162, apparently under pressure from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who did not cherish Guelphish possessions in his home area and offered Henry several fortresses in Saxony in exchange. In 1168, Henry married [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda]] (1156–1189), the daughter of King [[Henry II of England]] and Duchess [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], and sister of King [[Richard I of England]].{{sfn|Emmerson|2013|page=320}}

Henry faithfully supported Emperor Frederick in his attempts to solidify his hold on the Imperial Crown and his repeated wars with the cities of [[Lombardy]] and the popes, several times turning the tide of battle in Frederick's favor with his Saxon knights. During Frederick's first invasion of northern Italy, Henry took part, among the others, in the victorious sieges of [[siege of Crema|Crema]] and Milan.

In 1172, Henry took a pilgrimage to Jerusalem (June–July), meeting with the [[Knights Templar]] and [[Knights Hospitaller]],<ref>{{cite book |chapter=The Teutonic Knights in the Crusader States |first=Indrikis |last=Sterns |title=A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East |editor1-first=Norman P. |editor1-last=Zacour |editor2-first=Harry W. |editor2-last=Hazard |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |date=1985 |page=319 |isbn=9780299091446}}</ref>{{efn|As [[Arnold of Lübeck]] reports in his ''[[Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum|Chronica Slavorum]]'', he was present at the meeting of Henry the Lion with [[Sultanate of Rum|Seljuk Sultan of Rûm]] [[Kilij Arslan II]] during the former's pilgrimage to [[Jerusalem]] in 1172. When they met near [[Tarsus (city)|Tarsus]], the sultan embraced and kissed the German duke, reminding him that they were blood cousins ('amplexans et deosculans eum, dicens, eum consanguineum suum esse'). When the duke asked for details of this relationship, Kilij Arslan II informed him that 'a noble lady from the land of Germans married a king of Russia who had a daughter by her; this daughter's daughter arrived to our land, and I descend from her.'}} and spending Easter of that year in Constantinople.<ref name="Lock151">{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Lock |title=The Routledge Companion to the Crusades |publisher=Routledge |date=2013 |page=151 |isbn=9781135131449}}</ref> By December 1172, he was back in Bavaria<ref name="Lock151"/> and, in 1174, he refused to aid Frederick in a renewed invasion of Lombardy because he was preoccupied with securing his own borders in the east. He did not consider these Italian adventures worth the effort, unless Barbarossa presented Henry with the Saxon [[Free imperial city|imperial city]] [[Goslar]]: a request Barbarossa refused.