Editing Henri Matisse (section)

==Fauvism==
{{Main|Fauvism}}
[[File:Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''[[Woman with a Hat]]'', 1905. [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]]]
[[Fauvism]] as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910. The [[Art movement|movement]] as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions.<ref name=elderfield13>[[John Elderfield]], The ''"Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities,'' 1976, [[Museum of Modern Art]], p.13, {{ISBN|0-87070-638-1}}</ref><ref>Freeman, Judi, et al., ''The Fauve Landscape'', 1990, Abbeville Press, p. 13, {{ISBN|1-55859-025-0}}.</ref> The leaders of the movement were Matisse and [[André Derain]].<ref name=elderfield13/> Matisse's first solo exhibition was at [[Ambroise Vollard]]'s gallery in 1904,<ref name="UCLA10" /> without much success. His fondness for bright and expressive colour became more pronounced after he spent the summer of 1904 painting in [[St. Tropez]] with the [[neo-Impressionism|neo-Impressionist]]s Signac and [[Henri-Edmond Cross]].<ref name="Oxford" /> In that year, he painted the most important of his works in the neo-Impressionist style, ''[[Luxe, Calme et Volupté]]''.<ref name="Oxford" /> In 1905, he travelled southwards again to work with [[André Derain]] at [[Collioure]]. His paintings of this period are characterised by flat shapes and controlled lines, using [[pointillism]] in a less rigorous way than before.

Matisse and a group of artists now known as "[[Fauvism|Fauves]]" exhibited together in a room at the [[Salon d'Automne]] in 1905. The paintings expressed emotion with wild, often dissonant colours, without regard for the subject's natural colours. Matisse showed ''[[The Open Window (Matisse)|The Open Window]]'' and ''[[Woman with a Hat]]'' at the Salon. Critic [[Louis Vauxcelles]] commented on a lone sculpture surrounded by an "orgy of pure tones" as "[[Donatello]] chez les fauves" (Donatello among the wild beasts),<ref name="bnf-gallica-vauxcelles">Vauxcelles, Louis. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7522165g/f5.image], Gil Blas, Supplément à Gil Blas du 17 octobre 1905, p.8, col.1, Salle VII (end). Retrieved from France Gallica, bibliothèque numérique (digital library), Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1 December 2013.</ref> referring to a [[Renaissance]]-type sculpture that shared the room with them.<ref name="oup-fauvism">Chilver, Ian (Ed.). [http://www.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism "Fauvism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109091224/http://www.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism|date=9 November 2011}}, The Oxford Dictionary of Art, [[Oxford University Press]], 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 26 December 2007.</ref> His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in ''[[Gil Blas (periodical)|Gil Blas]]'', a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage.<ref name=elderfield13/><ref name="oup-fauvism"/> The exhibition garnered harsh criticism—"A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public", said the critic [[Camille Mauclair]]—but also some favourable attention.<ref name="oup-fauvism"/> When the painting that was singled out for special condemnation, Matisse's, ''Woman with the Hat'', was bought by [[Gertrude Stein|Gertrude]] and [[Leo Stein]], the embattled artist's morale improved considerably.<ref name="oup-fauvism"/>
[[File:Matissetoits.gif|thumb|''[[Les toits de Collioure]]'', 1905, oil on canvas, [[Hermitage Museum|The Hermitage]], [[St. Petersburg, Russia]]]]
Matisse was recognised as a leader of the Fauves, along with André Derain; the two were friendly rivals, each with his own followers. Other members were [[Georges Braque]], [[Raoul Dufy]], and [[Maurice de Vlaminck]]. The [[Symbolism (movement)|Symbolist]] painter [[Gustave Moreau]] (1826–1898) was the movement's inspirational teacher. As a professor at the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] in Paris, he pushed his students to think outside of the lines of formality and to follow their visions.

In 1907, [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], commenting about Matisse in an article published in ''La Falange'', wrote, "We are not here in the presence of an extravagant or an extremist undertaking: Matisse's art is eminently reasonable."<ref>''Picasso and Braque pioneering cubism'', [[William Rubin]], published by the [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York, copyright 1989, {{ISBN|0-87070-676-4}} p.348.</ref> But Matisse's work of the time also encountered vehement criticism, and it was difficult for him to provide for his family.<ref name=unknown/> His painting ''[[Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)|Nu bleu]]'' (1907) was burned in effigy at the [[Armory Show]] in Chicago in 1913.<ref name=Britannica>{{Britannica|369401}}</ref>

The decline of the Fauvist movement after 1906 did not affect the career of Matisse; many of his finest works were created between 1906 and 1917, when he was an active part of the great gathering of artistic talent in [[Montparnasse]], even though he did not quite fit in, with his conservative appearance and strict [[bourgeois]] work habits. He continued to absorb new influences. He travelled to [[Algeria]] in 1906 studying African art and [[Primitivism]]. After viewing a large exhibition of [[Islamic art]] in Munich in 1910, he spent two months in Spain studying Moorish art. He visited [[Morocco]] in 1912 and again in 1913 and while painting in [[Tangier]] he made several changes to his work, including his use of black as a colour.<ref name="The Moroccans">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79588|title=Henri Matisse. The Moroccans. Issy-les-Moulineaux, late 1915 and fall 1916 &#124; MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/1990/matisse_morocco.html|title=Matisse in Morocco|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/22/arts/review-art-matisse-and-the-mark-left-on-him-by-morocco.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Review/Art; Matisse and the Mark Left on Him by Morocco|first=John|last=Russell|work=The New York Times |date=22 June 1990|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> The effect on Matisse's art was a new boldness in the use of intense, unmodulated colour, as in ''[[L'Atelier Rouge]]'' (1911).<ref name="Oxford" />

Matisse had a long association with the Russian art collector [[Sergei Shchukin]]. He created one of his major works ''[[The Dance (painting)|La Danse]]'' specially for Shchukin as part of a two painting commission, the other painting being ''[[Music (Matisse)|Music]]'' (1910). An earlier version of ''La Danse'' (1909) is in the collection of [[The Museum of Modern Art]] in New York City.

=== Selected works (1901–1910) ===
<gallery widths="160" heights="160" class="center">
File:Matisse - Luxembourg Gardens (1901).jpg|''Luxembourg Gardens'', 1901, [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Matisse - Dishes and Fruit (1901).jpg|''Dishes and Fruit'', 1901, [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Henri Matisse, 1902, Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi, oil on paper mounted on canvas, 72.4 x 54.6 cm, Albright-Knox Art Gallery.jpg|''[[Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi|A Glimpse of Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon]]'', 1902, [[Albright–Knox Art Gallery]], [[Buffalo, New York]]
File:Matisse-Luxe.jpg|''[[Luxe, Calme et Volupté]]'', 1904, [[Musée d'Orsay]], [[Paris]], France<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=11 |title=Matisse, ''Luxe, calme et volupté'', 1904, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France |access-date=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531074741/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=11 |archive-date=31 May 2013  }}</ref>
File:Matisse-Open-Window.jpg|''[[The Open Window (Matisse)|Open Window, Collioure]]'', 1905, [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
File:Matisse - Green Line.jpeg|''[[Green Stripe|Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line)]],'' 1905, [[Statens Museum for Kunst]], [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
File:Bonheur Matisse.jpg|''[[Le bonheur de vivre]]'', 1905–6, [[Barnes Foundation]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
File:Henri Matisse Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt (1906).jpg|''[[Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt]]'', 1906, [[Statens Museum for Kunst]], [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
File:Young Sailor II.jpg|''[[The Young Sailor II]],'' 1906, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City]]
File:Matisse - Vase, Bottle and Fruit (1906).jpg|''Vase, Bottle and Fruit'', 1906, [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Matisse Souvenir de Biskra.jpg|''[[Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)|Blue Nude]]'', 1907, [[Baltimore Museum of Art]], [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]
File:Matisse.mme-matisse-madras.jpg|''[[Madras Rouge]]'', ''The Red Turban'', 1907, [[Barnes Foundation]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]<br />(Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/armory-show-postcard-reproduction-henri-matisses-painting-red-turban-14175|title = Armory Show postcard with reproduction of Henri Matisse's painting the red turban, 1913, from the Walt Kuhn Family papers and Armory Show records, 1859-1984, bulk 1900-1949}}</ref>
File:Bathers with a turtle.jpg|''[[Bathers with a Turtle]]'', 1908, [[Saint Louis Art Museum]], [[St. Louis]]
File:Matisse - Game of Bowls.jpg|''[[Game of Bowls]],'' 1908, [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Henri Matisse, 1909, La danse (I), Museum of Modern Art.jpg|''[[Dance (Matisse)|La Danse (first version)]],'' 1909, [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[New York City]]
File:Matissedance.jpg|''[[Dance (Matisse)|La Danse (second version)]],'' 1910, [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
</gallery>

=== Sculpture ===
<gallery widths="160" heights="160" class="center">
File:Henri Matisse, 1900-1904, Le Serf (The Serf, Der Sklave), bronze.jpg|''Le Serf'' (''The Serf, Der Sklave''), 1900–1904, bronze
File:Henri Matisse, 1905, Sleep, wood, exhibition Blue Rose (Голубая Роза), 1907, location unknown.jpg|''Sleep'', 1905, wood, exhibition Blue Rose (Голубая Роза), 1907, location unknown
File:Henri Matisse, 1906-07, Nu couché, I (Reclining Nude, I), exhibited at Montross Gallery, New York, 1915.jpg|''Nu couché, I'' (''Reclining Nude, I''), 1906–07, bronze, exhibited at Montross Gallery, New York, 1915
File:Henri Matisse, 1908, Figure décorative, bronze.jpg|''Figure décorative'', 1908, bronze
File:Matisse - left to right 'The Back I', 1908-09, 'The Back II', 1913, 'The Back III' 1916, 'The Back IV', c. 1931, bronze, Museum of Modern Art (New York City).jpg|''[[The Back Series]],'' bronze, left to right: ''The Back I,'' 1908–09, ''The Back II,'' 1913, ''The Back III'' 1916, ''The Back IV,'' c. 1931, all [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York City
</gallery>