Editing Heinkel He 219 Uhu (section)

===Background===
During the summer of 1940, [[Robert Lusser]] returned to Heinkel from [[Messerschmitt]] and immediately began work on a new high-speed bomber project designated ''P.1055''.<ref name="Smith & Kay p299"/> This was a shoulder-wing [[cantilever]] monoplane; the tailplane, which had considerable [[Dihedral (aeronautics)|dihedral]], had twin [[fin]]s and [[rudder]]s. The glazed canopy of the cockpit was [[Aircraft fairing|faired]] into the nose of the aircraft and provided excellent external visibility for its two occupants, who were seated in an atypical back-to-back configuration.<ref name="Smith & Kay p299"/> Many parts of the airframe, including its single-[[Spar (aeronautics)|spar]] wing, rectangular-section fuselage and tail surfaces, were made of metal and had a stressed-skin covering.<ref name="Smith & Kay p299">Smith and Kay 1972, p. 299.</ref>

The P.1055 was originally intended to be a multi-purpose aircraft, and was a relatively advanced design for the era, with a [[Cabin pressurization|pressurized]] cockpit, twin [[ejection seat]]s (the first to be planned for use in any combat aircraft), [[Tricycle gear|tricycle landing gear]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Sengfelder |first=Günther |date=1993 |title=German Aircraft Landing Gear |location=Atglen, PA US |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |pages=141–142 |isbn=0-88740-470-7 |quote=During retraction the nosewheel had to turn through 90 degrees, which was achieved by means of a mechanism in the head of the wheel fork. On retraction, a spring-loaded level with pulley, which limited deflection to 60 degrees by means of a locking hook and stop, was folded into the fuselage and turned through ninety degrees after making contact with a guide.}}</ref><ref>[http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~t_miyama/uhuflg00.html Japanese-language site showing He 219 nosegear retraction animation]</ref> and remotely controlled, side-mounted FDSL 131 defensive [[Aircraft gun turret|gun turret]]s.<ref name="Smith & Kay p299"/> Power was to be provided by a pair of [[Daimler-Benz DB 605D|DB 610]] "power system" engines producing (2,950&nbsp;PS/2,910&nbsp;hp) each,<ref>Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 224.</ref> delivering a performance with a top speed of approximately 750&nbsp;km/h (470&nbsp;mph) and a 4,000&nbsp;km (2,500&nbsp;mi) [[Range (aircraft)|range]] with a 2,000&nbsp;kg (4,410&nbsp;lb) [[Aerial bomb|bomb]] load.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

In August 1940, an initial review by the ''[[Ministry of Aviation (Germany)|Reichsluftfahrtministerium]]'' rejected the P.1055 considering it to be too complex and risky. Lusser quickly offered four versions of the fighter with various [[wingspan]]s and engine choices in order to balance performance and risk. He also offered the ''P.1056'', a night fighter with four [[20 mm caliber|20&nbsp;mm]] [[Autocannon|cannon]] in the wings and fuselage. The RLM rejected all of these proposals on the same grounds in 1941. Heinkel was furious and fired Lusser on the spot.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

About the same time as Lusser was designing the P.1055, Kammhuber had started looking for an aircraft for his rapidly growing [[night fighter]] force. Heinkel quickly re-designed the P.1055 for this role as the ''P.1060''. This was similar in layout but somewhat smaller and powered by two [[Daimler-Benz DB 603|DB 603]] inverted [[V12 engine]]s. As designed by Heinkel, these engines' nacelles had annular [[Radiator (engine cooling)#Aircraft|radiator]]s.  The early DB 603 subtypes had poor [[altitude]] performance, which was a problem for Heinkel's short-winged design, but Daimler had a new "G" subtype of the DB 603 powerplant meant to produce 1,400&nbsp;kW (1,900 PS) take-off power apiece under development to remedy the problem. Heinkel was sure he had a winner and sent the design off to the RLM in January 1942, while he funded the first [[prototype]] himself. The RLM again rejected the He 219, in favour of new Ju 88- and Me 210-based designs.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}