Editing Haugesund (section)

==History==
[[File:Haraldshaugen Haraldsstøtta Norges riksmonument National monument 1872 Gard Haugesund Norway 2020-06-06 17m granittobelisk 29 bautasteiner for fylker 09303.jpg|thumb|left|Haraldshaugen]]
[[File:Haugesund, Norway - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Part of central Haugesund]]
Despite being a fairly young town, the areas surrounding Haugesund were lands of power during the [[Viking Age]]. [[Harald Fairhair]] was the first king of Norway. He had his home in [[Avaldsnes]], also known as Homeland of the Viking Kings, only 8&nbsp;km (4.9&nbsp;mi) from the present town.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-24 |title=Exploring Haugesund, homeland of the Viking Kings |url=http://www.cruisetotravel.com/2019/07/24/exploring-haugesund-the-homeland-of-the-viking-kings/ |access-date=2020-09-28 |website=CRUISE TO TRAVEL |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Haugesund - homeland of the viking kings |url=https://en.visithaugesund.no/ |access-date=2020-09-28 |website=Haugesund & Haugalandet AS |language=en-GB}}</ref> After his death in {{circa|940}}, it is believed Fairhair was buried at [[Haraldshaugen]], a burial mound adjacent to the [[Karmsund]]et strait.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harald I {{!}} Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harald-I-king-of-Norway |access-date=2020-09-28 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> This site is the namesake of the town and municipality of Haugesund. The national monument at Haraldshaugen was raised in 1872, to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the naval [[Battle of Hafrsfjord]] in 872. The Battle of Hafrsfjord has traditionally been regarded as when western Norway was unified under a single monarch for the first time.<ref name="stavangertravel">{{Cite web |title=Haraldshaugen monument to the founder of Norway in Haugesund (Stavanger Travel AS) |url=http://www.stavangertravel.com/trip/haraldshaugen-haugesund.cfm |access-date=2015-12-24 |publisher=stavangertravel.com}}</ref>
[[File:Karmoya-stolav.jpg|thumb|left|Karmøy pastures and St. Olav's church at Avaldsnes]]

Haugesund has a strong historical bond to the sea and especially the [[herring]]. In the earlier years, the coastal waters of Haugesund were a huge source for fishing [[herring]], and the town grew accordingly. The protective [[strait]]s of Smedasund and [[Karmsund]] gave the town potential to grow in both [[fishing]] and [[shipping]]. Even to this day, Karmsund is one of Norway's busiest waterways. The town is still growing geographically even though the population has increased only moderately over the last decade. In modern times the herring stocks have been depleted and the town is turning towards the petroleum industry, like its neighbouring town to the south, [[Stavanger]].

===Municipal history===
The urban village area of Haugesund (population: 1,066) was declared to be a "[[List of towns and cities in Norway|town]]" and separated from the surrounding municipality of [[Torvastad]] on 1 February 1855 to become a separate municipality. On 1 January 1911, the small urban area of [[Skåre, Norway|Skåre]] (population: 3,847) that directly abutted the town of Haugesund was transferred to Haugesund. On 1 January 1958, the remainder of the municipality of [[Skåre, Norway|Skåre]] was merged with the town of Haugesund, creating a larger Haugesund municipality. On 1 January 1965, the island of [[Vibrandsøy]] (population: 70) was transferred from Torvastad municipality to Haugesund.<ref name="Dag">{{Cite book |last=Jukvam |first=Dag |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen |publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]] |year=1999 |isbn=9788253746845 |language=no}}</ref>

===Etymology===
The municipality (and the town) is named after the Haugesundet strait ({{langx|non|Haugasund}}), which is named after the old ''Hauge'' farm ({{langx|non|Haugar}}). The first element is the plural [[genitive case]] of {{wikt-lang|non|haugr}} which means "hill" or "mound". The last element is {{wikt-lang|non|sund}} which means "[[strait]]" or "[[Sound (geography)|sound]]".<ref name="snl" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rygh |first=Oluf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4pBAAAAIAAJ |title=Norske gaardnavne: Stavanger amt |date=1915 |publisher=W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri |edition=10 |location=Kristiania, Norge |page=419 |language=no |authorlink=Oluf Rygh}}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
[[File:Haugesund byvåpen gammelt.jpg|thumb|right|90px|Arms from 1862 until 1930]]
[[File:Haugesund komm.svg|thumb|right|90px|Arms since 1930]]
The original [[coat of arms]] was granted on 29 December 1862 and it was in use until 5 March 1930 when a new coat of arms was approved. The arms were designed as a painting of a harbour scene. The old arms showed three full [[herring]] barrels sitting on land and an [[anchor]] leaning against the barrels. In the background, the ocean harbour is showing along with three seagulls flying in the sky. Often, it was shown with a gold [[mural crown]] above the shield. The old arms showed the importance of herring fishing and processing in the town. The three barrels also represented the three parts of the municipality: the mainland and the islands of [[Hasseløy]] and [[Risøy]]. The arms were designed by A. Fenger Krog.<ref name="NK">{{Cite web |title=Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen |url=https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Haugesund |access-date=2023-07-01 |publisher=Heraldry of the World}}</ref><ref name="FW">{{Cite web |title=Haugesund, Rogaland (Norway) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/no-11-06.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref>

A new [[coat of arms]] was granted on 5 March 1930 to replace the old arms and to simplify them for the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the town. The [[blazon]] is ''"[[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]], three seagulls [[Volant (heraldry)|volant]] [[argent]] [[per fess]] surmounted by a [[mural crown]] [[Or (heraldry)|Or]]"'' ({{langx|no|I blått tre flyvnde sølv måker}}). This means the arms have a blue [[field (heraldry)|field]] (background) and the [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] is a set of three [[seagull]]s lined up vertically. The charge has a [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] of [[argent]] which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The seagulls and blue color were chosen to represent the importance of the sea. The new arms from 1930 removed the herring barrels from the old arms due to the decline in the importance of that industry.  The arms were designed by [[Hallvard Trætteberg]]. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.<ref name="NK" /><ref name="FW" />